Channel Title: Carnegie Endowment Channel Description: The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace generates strategic ideas and independent analysis, supports diplomacy, and trains the next generation of international scholar-practitioners to help countries and institutions take on the most difficult global problems and advance peace. https://www.CarnegieEndowment.org <video> Party Instability and Political Violence in India Description: Where and when ethnic violence breaks out is a question of longstanding concern to the India policy community. Previous work in political science has pointed to a diverse array of factors—ranging from civil society bonds to elite networks and coalition politics as potential explanations. A new book by the scholar Aditi Malik highlights political parties, specifically party instability, as the principal culprit. In Playing with Fire: Parties and Political Violence in Kenya and India, Aditi highlights how the levels of party instability informs the decisions of political elites to organize or support violence. Settings marked by unstable parties are more vulnerable to recurring and major episodes of party violence than those populated by durable parties. This is because transient parties enable politicians to disregard voters' future negative reactions to conflict. Aditi is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the College of the Holy Cross. She studies political violence, gender-based violence, social movements, and contentious politics. She joins Milan on the show this week to talk about her book and the implications of her research findings. They discuss the role of elites in fomenting violence, when voters sanction violent politicians, and the similarities and differences in ethnic violence in Kenya and India. Plus, they discuss what Aditi’s book tells us about the January 6 insurrection at the U.S. Capitol. Episode notes: 1. “Paul Staniland on the Surprising Decline in Political Violence in South Asia,” Grand Tamasha, October 7, 2020. 2. Aditi Malik, “Playing with Fire: Parties and Political Violence in Kenya and India,” Fifteen Eighty Four (CUP) Blog, August 14, 2024. 3. Zack Beauchamp, “Narendra Modi is Celebrating his Scary Vision for India’s Future,” Vox, January 27, 2024. 4. Aditi Malik. “Hindu-Muslim Violence in Unexpected Places: Theory and Evidence from Rural India,” Politics, Groups, & Identities, Vol. 9, No. 1 (2021): 40-58. Like and subscribe to our channel: https://bit.ly/38sljlH The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace generates strategic ideas and independent analysis, supports diplomacy, and trains the next generation of international scholar-practitioners to help countries and institutions take on the most difficult global problems and advance peace. Visit our website: https://carnegieendowment.org/ Follow us on X: https://x.com/CarnegieEndow Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/carnegieendow/ </video> <video> Understanding the Delhi Education Experiment Description: One of the most talked about policy experiments in India in recent memory is the reform of government schools in the city-state of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. Under the leadership of the Aam Aadmi Party, the Delhi government has implemented an innovative program to equip students with foundational literacy and numeracy. But while these reforms are much discussed, they have been surprisingly under-studied. A new book by the scholar Yamini Aiyar tries to remedy this gap. Yamini’s new book, Lessons in State Capacity from Delhi's Schools, draws on three years of ethnographic research where she and a team of colleagues were embedded in a cluster of schools across the national capital. Yamini is currently Visiting Senior Fellow at the Saxena Center for Contemporary South Asia and the Watson Institute at Brown University. Many of our listeners will know her from her work with the Centre for Policy Research in New Delhi, where she served as President from 2017 to 2024. To kick off season thirteen of Grand Tamasha, Yamini joins Milan on the show this week. They discuss Yamini’s decade-long adventure studying India’s public schools, the core elements of the Delhi education model, and the mysterious ways in which the India bureaucracy operates. Plus, they discuss whether the Delhi experiment can travel beyond the national capital. Episode notes: 1. “How Bureaucracy Can Work for the Poor (with Akshay Mangla),” Grand Tamasha, March 29, 2023. 2. Yamini Aiyar and Shrayana Bhattacharya, “The Post Office Paradox: A Case Study of the Block Level Education Bureaucracy,” Economic & Political Weekly 51, no. 11 (2016). 3. Lant Pritchett, “Is India a Flailing State?: Detours on the Four Lane Highway to Modernization,” HKS Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP09-013, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 2009. 4. Devesh Kapur, Pratap Bhanu Mehta, and Milan Vaishnav, Rethinking Public Institutions in India (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2017). Like and subscribe to our channel: https://bit.ly/38sljlH The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace generates strategic ideas and independent analysis, supports diplomacy, and trains the next generation of international scholar-practitioners to help countries and institutions take on the most difficult global problems and advance peace. Visit our website: https://carnegieendowment.org/ Follow us on X: https://x.com/CarnegieEndow Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/carnegieendow/ </video> <video> Was 2024 the Year Democracy Faltered—or Fought Back? Description: What can the elections of 2024 tell us about the state of democracy worldwide? This year has seen a flurry of elections across democracies, sparking debate among analysts about their implications for global democratic health. As the year draws to a close, Sophia sits down with Thomas Carothers, Director of the Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program at Carnegie and leading expert on democracy and international politics. Their conversation unpacks key theories like the "bonfire of incumbents," and explores the narratives shaping our understanding of this pivotal election year. Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt, Tyranny of the Majority: Why American Democracy Reached the Breaking Point, (Crown, 2023). Thomas Carothers, "Three Conclusions from the Global Year of Elections," Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, December 18, 2024. Credits Host: Sophia Besch Executive Producer & Audio Engineer: Heewon Park Videographer: Cameron Zotter Like and subscribe to our channel: https://bit.ly/38sljlH The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace generates strategic ideas and independent analysis, supports diplomacy, and trains the next generation of international scholar-practitioners to help countries and institutions take on the most difficult global problems and advance peace. Visit our website: https://carnegieendowment.org/ Follow us on X: https://x.com/CarnegieEndow Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/carnegieendow/ </video> <video> In Conversation with Jon Finer: Recent Developments in the Biden Administration's WMD Policies Description: As the United States approaches the expiration of the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START) in February 2026, there are critical questions about the future of nuclear arms control, strategic stability, and global nonproliferation efforts. Join the Arms Control Association and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace for remarks from U.S. Deputy National Security Advisor Jon Finer on the Biden administration’s efforts to reduce nuclear dangers and adapt U.S. nuclear weapons and nonproliferation policy to an uncertain world. Finer will take questions from the Arms Control Association’s Executive Director Daryl Kimball. Following Finer's address, a distinguished panel will examine the implications of the looming expiration of New START. Madelyn Creedon, chair of the 2023 Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States, Adam Mount, senior fellow and director of the Defense Posture Project at the Federation of American Scientists, and James Acton , co-director of Carnegie’s Nuclear Policy program, will explore critical questions about U.S. nuclear forces and requirements, arms control, and nonproliferation policy. Like and subscribe to our channel: https://bit.ly/38sljlH The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace generates strategic ideas and independent analysis, supports diplomacy, and trains the next generation of international scholar-practitioners to help countries and institutions take on the most difficult global problems and advance peace. Visit our website: https://carnegieendowment.org/ Follow us on X: https://x.com/CarnegieEndow Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/carnegieendow/ </video> <video> Can the U.S. Win the Clean Energy Race Against China? Description: Over the past decade, China has emerged as a powerhouse here, producing the majority of key clean energy technologies. What does this mean for the United States, and for the race towards net zero emissions? In this episode, Sophia Besch and Fellow Milo McBride talk about the strategies the U.S. could deploy to better compete in the clean energy revolution. They unpack how innovative technologies could not only help close the clean energy gap with China but also redefine America’s role in the global energy landscape. They also explore how the incoming Trump administration might approach the U.S.-China race for clean energy dominance—and what all of this means for American allies abroad. Notes: 1. Milo McBride, "Catching Up or Leaping Ahead? How Energy Innovation Can Secure U.S. Industrial Stature in a Net-Zero World," Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, September 19, 2024. 2. Jonas Nahm, Collaborative Advantage: Forging Green Industries in the New Global Economy (Oxford University Press, 2021). Credits: Host: Sophia Besch Executive Producer & Audio Engineer: Heewon Park Videographer: Cameron Zotter Chapters: 00:00 Introduction 01:14 China's role in Green Tech Production 03:05 Challenges to U.S. Energy Competitiveness & Policy Options 08:30 Policy Solutions 09:28 Batteries & Lithium: Opportunities for U.S. Industries 13:29 How the U.S. Can Catch Up to China 15:54 Extracting Geothermal Energy 18:28 Break 19:45 Policy Recommendations for the U.S. 21:51 Partnerships with International Allies 25:03 What's Needed for Bipartisan Compromise 27:32 Clean Energy Tech in the Trump Administration 31:14 How China Views Clean Energy Competition with the U.S. 34:05 Clean Energy Technology and Europe 36:49 Reading Recommendations 37:42 Outro & Credits Like and subscribe to our channel: https://bit.ly/38sljlH The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace generates strategic ideas and independent analysis, supports diplomacy, and trains the next generation of international scholar-practitioners to help countries and institutions take on the most difficult global problems and advance peace. Visit our website: https://carnegieendowment.org/ Follow us on X: https://x.com/CarnegieEndow Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/carnegieendow/ </video> <video> How Can Our World Rethink Climate Mobility? Description: The discourse around climate change and human movement tends toward the apocalyptic and dystopian. Headlines warn that floods, droughts, and other extreme natural disasters—and the resulting displacement of dispossessed people—are the new normal. But what if we create an entirely new, forward-thinking framework around climate mobility, both domestic and international? How would we reconsider borders, rethink international aid and cooperation, and reimagine how communities welcome and absorb newcomers? Can we learn to see mobility as an act of dignity, and another form of adaptation that moves a species forward? Join us for a night at the museum, including a panel conversation at the new NHM Commons Theater with artist Tanya Aguiñiga, paleobotanist and curator Regan Dunn, climate mobility scholar Liliana Gamboa, and New Nomad Institute co-founder Badruun Gardi. They’ll discuss what it would take to build a more interconnected, resilient, and nomadic world on the international, community, and individual levels. An after-hours reception featuring local artists and celebrating the diversity and resilience of Los Angeles will follow in NHM’s Dueling Dinos Grand Foyer and African and North American Diorama Halls. We’ll come together over food and beverages by Flavors from Afar, international sounds by dublab DJ Rani de Leon, and vinyl deep listening sessions exploring global themes by Tana Yonas with Sounds from Afar. Like and subscribe to our channel: https://bit.ly/38sljlH The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace generates strategic ideas and independent analysis, supports diplomacy, and trains the next generation of international scholar-practitioners to help countries and institutions take on the most difficult global problems and advance peace. Visit our website: https://carnegieendowment.org/ Follow us on X: https://x.com/CarnegieEndow Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/carnegieendow/ </video> <video> Grand Tamasha's Best Books of 2024 Description: Grand Tamasha is Carnegie’s weekly podcast on Indian politics and policy co-produced with the Hindustan Times, a leading Indian media house. For five years (and counting), Milan has interviewed authors, journalists, policymakers, and practitioners working on contemporary India to give listeners across the globe a glimpse into life in the world’s most populous country. For the past two years, in anticipation of the show’s holiday hiatus, we’ve published an annual list of our favorite books featured on the podcast over the previous twelve months. In keeping with this tradition, here—in no particular order—are Grand Tamasha’s top books of 2024. Savarkar and the Making of Hindutva By Janaki Bakhle. Published by Princeton University Press. Accelerating India's Development: A State-Led Roadmap for Effective Governance By Karthik Muralidharan. Published by Penguin Viking India. The Identity Project: The Unmaking of a Democracy (published in the United States and the UK as The New India: The Unmaking of the World’s Largest Democracy) By Rahul Bhatia. Published by Context (South Asia); Little, Brown (UK); and PublicAffairs (United States). In this special bonus episode, Milan talks about why he loved each of these books and includes short clips from his conversations with Janaki, Karthik, and Rahul. This is the final episode of our twelfth season. Thanks to our listeners to being such loyal followers of the show. We’re excited to kick off our thirteenth season in mid-January after taking a short holiday break. Episode notes: 1. Milan Vaishnav, “Grand Tamasha’s Best Books of 2023,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, December 19, 2023. 2. Milan Vaishnav, “Grand Tamasha’s Best Books of the Year,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, December 20, 2022. 3. “Identifying the New India (with Rahul Bhatia),” Grand Tamasha, September 25, 2024. 4. “A Blueprint for India’s State Capacity Revolution (with Karthik Muralidharan),” Grand Tamasha, May 22, 2024. 5. “Savarkar, In His Own Words (with Janaki Bakhle),” Grand Tamasha, March 27, 2024. Like and subscribe to our channel: https://bit.ly/38sljlH The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace generates strategic ideas and independent analysis, supports diplomacy, and trains the next generation of international scholar-practitioners to help countries and institutions take on the most difficult global problems and advance peace. Visit our website: https://carnegieendowment.org/ Follow us on X: https://x.com/CarnegieEndow Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/carnegieendow/ </video> <video> What Does the Fall of the Assad Regime Mean for Syria and the Middle East? Description: Over the last two years, intelligence organizations and analysts failed to anticipate critical events in the Middle East that would roil the region. The sudden collapse of the Assad regime and the opening of a new chapter in Syria’s conflict-ridden story is the latest in a fraught period that has seen an of escalation of tensions in Israel, Gaza, Lebanon, and Iran. What explains the Assad regime’s sudden demise and the ascendance of Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and other Sunni Islamist organizations? What do these events portend for Syria’s governance and the policies of Iran, Russia, Turkey, and Israel in the region? And what would be the best policy on Syria for the incoming U.S. administration? Join Aaron David Miller as he sits down with Sanam Vakil, director of the Middle East and North Africa Programme at Chatham House, and Charles Lister, senior fellow and the director of the Syria and Countering Terrorism & Extremism programs at the Middle East Institute, to explore these and other issues. </video> <video> A Conversation with Efraim Halevy and Ami Ayalon Description: More than a year into the Israel-Hamas war, the Middle East remains mired in conflict. The war in Gaza drags on with no end in sight; the West Bank continues to seethe; the collapse of the Assad regime has activated Israeli forces along the Syrian border; and while a cease-fire deal has calmed the Israel-Lebanon border, the possibility of a serious escalation between Israel and Iran remains all too real. Meanwhile, uncertainties about U.S. policy abound as the Biden Administration gives way to one headed by President Donald Trump. Will Israel be able to translate its recent military wins into stable security and political arrangements? What does the future hold for the hostages and the people of Gaza? Is there a diplomatic off-ramp that might preempt or prevent an Iran-Israel confrontation? And what of the future of Iran’s nuclear program?   Join Aaron David Miller as he sits down with Ami Ayalon, the former head of Shin Bet, and Efraim Halevy, the former head of Mossad, to discuss these and other issues on Carnegie Connects. </video> <video> Biden, Trump, and a Foreign Policy That’s Gone Off Course Description: The Biden administration contends it has left the United States in a better geopolitical position than when it entered office four years ago. In a year-end foreign policy review from Carnegie’s American Statecraft Program, Director Chris Chivvis and Senior Fellow Stephen Wertheim critique Biden's foreign policy legacy and discuss what Trump might do next. Why has it been so difficult for Biden to restrain Israel and succeed in Ukraine? What might a Russia-Ukraine ceasefire deal look like? How can the U.S. navigate toward a more stable U.S.-China relationship, despite entrenched beliefs that we are living through a second Cold War? Join them in this special edition episode of The World Unpacked for a wide-ranging conversation on the most pressing issues facing the United States and the world. Shownotes: 1. The Economist, Chris Chivvis: Talks Between Russia and Ukraine would Save Lives 2. Financial Times, Stephen Wertheim: It's Time for Europe's Magical Thinking on Defence to End 3. The Guardian, Chris Chivvis: Admitting Ukraine to NATO Would be a mistake for both Ukraine and NATO 4. Global Asia, Stephen Wertheim: Asia Should Encourage 'Trump the Peacemaker' 5. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, U.S. China Relations for the 2030s: Toward a Realistic Scenario for Coexistence Like and subscribe to our channel: https://bit.ly/38sljlH The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace generates strategic ideas and independent analysis, supports diplomacy, and trains the next generation of international scholar-practitioners to help countries and institutions take on the most difficult global problems and advance peace. Visit our website: https://carnegieendowment.org/ Follow us on X: https://x.com/CarnegieEndow Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/carnegieendow/ Paid for by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. </video> <video> Economic Impacts of Climate Change Description: In this interview, Susan Crawford, senior fellow in the Sustainability, Climate, and Geopolitics Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace speaks with Senator Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) on the looming economic shocks of climate change. Our current legal and financial systems are built on the assumption of stationarity but as we exit a stable climate, we need to prepare for a world of constant change. Senator Whitehouse, in his role as chairman of the Senate Budget Committee, has been active in exposing the systemic risks to the US economy triggered by the physical effects of climate change. In this conversation, Susan Crawford and Senator Whitehouse discuss insurance market destabilization and the compounding effects on the mortgage market, impending risk to the municipal bond markets, as well as the legislative reforms necessary for the future. Like and subscribe to our channel: https://bit.ly/38sljlH The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace generates strategic ideas and independent analysis, supports diplomacy, and trains the next generation of international scholar-practitioners to help countries and institutions take on the most difficult global problems and advance peace. Visit our website: https://carnegieendowment.org/ Follow us on X: https://x.com/CarnegieEndow Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/carnegieendow/ </video> <video> Standoff at the Border: Rebuilding the India-China Relationship Description: Since spring 2020, India and China have been engaged in a standoff at their border in eastern Ladakh. A large number of troops remain deployed on both sides and despite the October 2024 agreement on patrolling arrangements, rebuilding political trust between the two nations will take time. In a new paper from Carnegie India, author Saheb Singh Chadha argues that in the past four years of the standoff, both sides have witnessed an evolution in their negotiating positions. What are the factors that have shaped these changing positions? How do India and China each view the causes of the border crisis? And how is border management likely to evolve in light of the changing relations between China and India given the larger shifts in global geopolitics? Join Ashley J. Tellis, the Tata Chair for Strategic Affairs and a senior fellow in the Carnegie Endowment's South Asia Program, in conversation with Saheb Singh Chadha, a senior research analyst in Carnegie India's Security Studies Program, and Tanvi Madan, senior fellow in the Center for Asia Policy Studies in the Foreign Policy program at the Brookings Institution, for a discussion exploring the future of the Sino-Indian border standoff and the prospects for stability. </video> <video> The Great Powers and Security Competition in the Middle East and the Horn of Africa Description: With war and civil strife raging in the region and threatening wider escalation, the Middle East and the Horn of Africa have reemerged as the locus of major security interests for each of the great powers. It is the only world region in which China, Russia, and the United States all operate an overseas military base. How are these external actors competing to gain access and project power and influence in the region? What are the distinctive strategies employed by Washington, Beijing, and Moscow? And how do they interact with realities on the ground and key regional stakeholders? The Carnegie Endowment's Middle East program has collaborated with scholars from across the organization on a new continuous stream of work exploring this era of global competition militarily, economically, and diplomatically in the region. Join experts from Carnegie’s Middle East, Asia, Nuclear, and Russia programs, who have all contributed to the Great Power Competition in the Middle East and North Africa project, for a panel discussion that will shed light on these complex dynamics and address their implications for peace and stability in the Gulf, the Levant, the Red Sea, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. Like and subscribe to our channel: https://bit.ly/38sljlH The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace generates strategic ideas and independent analysis, supports diplomacy, and trains the next generation of international scholar-practitioners to help countries and institutions take on the most difficult global problems and advance peace. Visit our website: https://carnegieendowment.org/ Follow us on X: https://x.com/CarnegieEndow Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/carnegieendow/ </video> <video> Priorities for the U.S. Administration and Congress on Strengthening Economic Relations With Africa Description: With the reelection of Donald Trump, the incoming administration has an opportunity to boldly reimagine the U.S. economic relationship with Africa. Already, the President-elect has signaled a turn towards foreign policies that are likely to take a different approach to securing U.S. interests abroad and realigning the relationships that America has with the world. To engage with this impending foreign policy shift, the Carnegie Africa Program has leveraged its network of experts and existing streams of work to identify high impact areas that have the potential to strengthen the U.S.-Africa economic and diplomatic relationship. Framed as a compendium of 13 succinct chapters, this publication outlines a suite of priorities and implementation mechanisms that the new administration can capitalize on to advance U.S. strategic interests for the mutual benefit of the United States and African nations. Join the Carnegie Africa Program for the public launch of the new compendium: Priorities for the New U.S. Administration and Congress on Strengthening Economic Relations with Africa. During this live event, Carnegie Africa Program scholars will discuss the key findings from the compendium that have the potential to reinvigorate U.S. engagement with African nations. Like and subscribe to our channel: https://bit.ly/38sljlH The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace generates strategic ideas and independent analysis, supports diplomacy, and trains the next generation of international scholar-practitioners to help countries and institutions take on the most difficult global problems and advance peace. Visit our website: https://carnegieendowment.org/ Follow us on X: https://x.com/CarnegieEndow Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/carnegieendow/ </video> <video> Populism, South Asia Style Description: If there is one thing political scientists can agree on, it is that we live in an era of populism. With the recent election of Donald Trump, populism has returned to the United States, raising questions about what changes we might see in upcoming elections in 2025. South Asia has been no stranger to populism and a new book, Righteous Demagogues: Populist Politics in South Asia and Beyond, provides a framework for understanding its origins, its evolution, and its prospects. The authors of this new book are the scholars Dann Naseemullah and Pradeep Chhibber and they join Milan on the show this week to discuss their new book. Dann is a Reader in International Politics at King's College London. And Pradeep is currently Professor of Political Science and the Indo-American Community Chair in India Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. The three discuss the COVID-era origins of the book, definitions of populism, and the ways in which populism has played out across the subcontinent over the last seven decades. Plus, they talk about the future of ousted Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan, the current turmoil in Bangladesh, and what exactly is new in the “New India” under Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Episode notes: 1. “The Lessons of Gujarat Under Modi (with Christophe Jaffrelot),” Grand Tamasha, May 29, 2024. 2. Pradeep Chhibber and Adnan Naseemullah, “This is how Modi is different from other Right-wing populists like Trump, Erdogan & Duterte,” ThePrint, August 21, 2019. Like and subscribe to our channel: https://bit.ly/38sljlH The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace generates strategic ideas and independent analysis, supports diplomacy, and trains the next generation of international scholar-practitioners to help countries and institutions take on the most difficult global problems and advance peace. Visit our website: https://carnegieendowment.org/ Follow us on X: https://x.com/CarnegieEndow Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/carnegieendow/ </video>

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The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace generates strategic ideas and independent analysis, supports diplomacy, and trains the next generation of international scholar-practitioners to help countries and institutions take on the most difficult global problems and advance peace.

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