Channel Title: Geography Viz Channel Description: Visual explorations of geography! Extensive use of GIS analyses, remotely sensed imagery, and data plotting. Will cover landforms, climate, hydrology, geology, life, and a geographic perspective on some major news stories. Some focus on the USA, but will build towards more global content. All videos include maps, imagery, and figures! Help me reach the next milestone: First video - May 2022 100 views - Jun 2022 1k views - Sep 2022 10 subscribers - Sep 2022 100 subscribers - Dec 2022 10k views - Dec 2022 100k views - Dec 2022 (rapid growth w Highest Point by USA State vid even though I was a bit sloppy with that one...) 1k subscribers - Dec 2022 (1st channel investment - mic, but still struggle with audio setup - why am I so bad at that?) 500k views - Mar 2024 (rapid growth w Impact Craters vid) 5k subscribers - Mar 2024 1M views - Apr 2024 10k subscribers - Dec 2024 (and the first vid hitting 1 million views) 5M views - ?? 20k subscribers - ?? <video> Earth’s 7 Lowest Points by Continent (“Seven Lows”) #geography #world #continents #lowpoints Description: See corresponding full YouTube video for more detailed information about these and other lowpoints of Earth: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uwn1D0gjlQs 7 Lows with elevation and rank [x]: Dead Sea, Asia, Israel & Jordan [1] -437 m (-1434 ft) Lake Assal, Africa, Djibouti [2] -155 m (-509 ft) Laguna del Carbón, South America, Argentina [3] -105 m (-344 ft) Death Valley, North America, USA [4] -86 m (-282 ft) Deep Lake, Antarctica [5] -51 m (-167 ft) Caspian Sea, Europe, several countries [6] -28 m (-92 ft) Lake Eyre, Australia [7] -15 m (-49 ft) Keywords: Geography Viz, World Geography, Lowest elevation points by continent, Seven Lows, Lake Eyre, Caspian Sea, Deep Lake, Death Valley, Laguna del Carbón, Lake Assal, Dead Sea Refs, credits, additional info: World elevation basemap: Terrain image service layer from ESRI Lake Eyre water level: https://web.archive.org/web/20120523201740/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/oce/oce-04.html Lake Eyre depths: NASA. 2020. Sizing up Remote Lakes. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/148230/sizing-up-remote-lakes Lake Eyre photo: Lake Eyre 2004, ogwen, https://web.archive.org/web/20161027005658/http://www.panoramio.com/photo/76389325 Lake Eyre formation: Schellart, W. P., & Spakman, W. 2015. Australian plate motion and topography linked to fossil New Guinea slab below Lake Eyre. Earth and Planetary Sci Letters, 421, 107-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.03.036 Lake Eyre formation: Magee, J. W., & Miller, G. H. 1998. Lake Eyre palaeohydrology from 60 ka to the present: beach ridges and glacial maximum aridity. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 144, 307-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00124-2 Caspian Sea water level: https://cabar.asia/en/caspian-sea-passes-critical-shallow-point-what-is-the-reason-behind-a-sharp-decline-in-water-level-in-largest-inland-body-of-water#:~:text=In%202022%2C%20its%20level%20reached,a%20natural%20way%20via%20precipitation. Caspian Sea photo: NASA Johnson Space Center. 2018. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ISS056-E-13641_-_View_of_Azerbaijan.jpg Caspian Sea formation: Kaz’Min, V. G., & Verzhbitskii, E. V. 2011. Age and origin of the South Caspian Basin. Oceanology, 51, 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437011010073 Deep Lake water level: https://researchdata.edu.au/water-levels-deep-vestfold-hills/701721 Deep Lake photo: Paul Hunt, antarctica.gov.au, https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=4041816909235498&set=a.906628919420995 Deep Lake formation: https://www.ipcc.ch/srocc/chapter/chapter-3-2/3-1-introduction-polar-regions-people-and-the-planet/ipcc-srocc-cb_8_1/ Death Valley elevation: USGS National Elevation Dataset (NED) Death Valley photo: Joe Parks. 2011. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Badwater_Basin_-_Flickr_-_Joe_Parks.jpg Death Valley: NPS https://www.nps.gov/deva/learn/nature/faults.htm Laguna del Carbón elevation: Lynch DK "Land Below Sea Level". https://geology.com/below-sea-level/. 9/7/2023. Laguna del Carbón formation: Echavarría, L. E., Schalamuk, I. B., & Etcheverry, R. O. (2005). Geologic and tectonic setting of Deseado Massif epithermal deposits, Argentina, based on El Dorado-Monserrat. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 19, 415-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2005.06.005 Laguna del Carbón photo: Extracted Google Maps photo Lake Assal water level: Lynch DK "Land Below Sea Level". https://geology.com/below-sea-level/ Lake Assal photo: Watson P, ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p06cz0t8.jpg Dead Sea water level: https://icl-group-sustainability.com/reports/dead-sea-water-level/ Dead Sea photo: لا روسا 2014. Dead Sea beach, jordan. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dead_Sea_beach_00.JPG Dead Sea formation: Aldaajani, T. Z., Almalki, K. A., & Betts, P. G. 2021. Plume versus slab-pull: example from the Arabian Plate. Frontiers in Earth Sci, 9, 700550. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.700550 Dead Sea formation: Smit, J., Brun, J. P., Fort, X., Cloetingh, S. A. P. L., & Ben-Avraham, Z. 2008. Salt tectonics in pull-apart basins with application to the Dead Sea Basin. Tectonophysics, 449(1-4), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2007.12.004 </video> <video> Lowest Points in USA States #geography #usa #states #lowpoints Description: Lowest 25 plus full list of USA state lowpoints (lowest elevation points by state) See corresponding full YouTube video for more detailed information about these and all the other USA state lowpoints: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uwn1D0gjlQs&t=137s Keywords: Geography Viz, United States Geography, Lowpoints, Lowpointing, Lowest Elevation by State Full list: #1 California, Death Valley -282 ft (-86 m) #2 Louisiana, New Orleans -8 ft (-2 m) #3 Alaska, Nunavakanuk Lake -4 ft (-1 m) #4 North Carolina, Atlantic Ocean 0 ft (0 m) #4 Virginia, Atlantic Ocean 0 ft (0 m) #4 Maryland, Atlantic Ocean 0 ft (0 m) #4 Delaware, Atlantic Ocean 0 ft (0 m) #4 New Jersey, Atlantic Ocean 0 ft (0 m) #4 South Carolina, Atlantic Ocean 0 ft (0 m) #4 Pennsylvania, Delaware River 0 ft (0 m) #4 New York, Atlantic Ocean 0 ft (0 m) #4 Georgia, Atlantic Ocean 0 ft (0 m) #4 Connecticut, Long Island Sound 0 ft (0 m) #4 Rhode Island, Atlantic Ocean 0 ft (0 m) #4 Massachusetts, Atlantic Ocean 0 ft (0 m) #4 Florida, Atlantic Ocean 0 ft (0 m) #4 Alabama, Gulf of Mexico 0 ft (0 m) #4 Mississippi, Gulf of Mexico 0 ft (0 m) #4 Texas, Gulf of Mexico 0 ft (0 m) #4 Oregon, Pacific Ocean 0 ft (0 m) #4 New Hampshire, Atlantic Ocean 0 ft (0 m) #4 Maine, Atlantic Ocean 0 ft (0 m) #4 Washington, Pacific Ocean 0 ft (0 m) #4 Hawaii, Pacific Ocean 0 ft (0 m) #25 Arkansas, Ouachita River 55 ft (17 m) #26 Arizona, Colorado River 70 ft (21 m) #27 Vermont, Lake Champlain 95 ft (29 m) #28 Tennessee, Mississippi River 178 ft (54 m) #29 Missouri, Saint Francis River 230 ft (70 m) #30 West Virginia, Potomac River 240 ft (73 m) #31 Kentucky, Mississippi River 257 ft (78 m) #32 Illinois, Mississippi River 279 ft (85 m) #33 Oklahoma, Little River 289 ft (88 m) #34 Indiana, Ohio River 320 ft (98 m) #35 Ohio, Ohio River 455 ft (139 m) #36 Nevada, Colorado River 479 ft (146 m) #37 Iowa, Mississippi River 480 ft (146 m) #38 Michigan, Lake Erie 571 ft (174 m) #39 Wisconsin, Lake Michigan 579 ft (176 m) #40 Minnesota, Lake Superior 601 ft (183 m) #41 Kansas, Verdigris River 679 ft (207 m) #42 Idaho, Snake River 710 ft (216 m) #43 North Dakota, Red River of the North 750 ft (229 m) #44 Nebraska, Missouri River 840 ft (256 m) #45 South Dakota, Big Stone Lake 966 ft (294 m) #46 Montana, Kootenai River 1800 ft (549 m) #47 Utah, Beaverdam Wash 2000 ft (610 m) #48 New Mexico, Red Bluff Reservoir 2842 ft (866 m) #49 Wyoming, Belle Fourche River 3099 ft (945 m) #50 Colorado, Arikaree River 3315 ft (1010 m) Data Sources and Photo Credits: Elevations pubs.usgs.gov/gip/Elevations-Distances/elvadist.html Coordinates and descriptions highpointers.org/us-highpoint-guide/ ESRI World Imagery Basemaps 9th Ward photo: Jocelyn Augustino/FEMA. 2005. https://picryl.com/media/hurricane-katrina-new-orleans-la-september-2-2005-neighborhoods-throughout-7b6ff8 Death Valley photo: Joe Parks. 2011. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Badwater_Basin_-_Flickr_-_Joe_Parks.jpg </video> <video> Latitudes and Latitude Description: Latitude defined, special latitudes, and other latitudes of interest: Equator, tropics, polar circles, land/water coverage, temperature, precipitation, wind, biomes, hurricanes, earthquakes, countries, population, and GDP by latitude. Measurements along parallels were done for whole number latitudes along entire parallel lengths. Measurements for 1-degree latitudinal bands were centered on whole number degrees (e.g. 25 ± 0.5 degrees N) along entire parallel lengths. No measurements were converted to a density (e.g. per unit length along parallel, per unit length over land, per unit area within latitude band, or per unit area of land within latitude band). Chapters: 0:00 Latitude defined and the Equator 0:58 Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn 1:29 Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle 2:15 Land and Water distribution by latitude 3:10 Climates and Biomes by latitudes 5:35 Tropical storms and Earthquakes by latitude 6:29 Countries, Population, and GDP by latitude 7:50 Full latitude list & thanks for watching Latitude list from video: 90°N North Pole 85+°N Weakest mean annual wind velocity 84-90°N All water 66.56°N Arctic Circle 66°N Most land N hemisphere 62°N Boreal forests 53°N Temperate coniferous 50°N Temperate grasses 46°N Temperate broadleaf & mixed forests 38°N Most earthquakes 37°N Mediterranean 36°N Montane grasslands & shrubs 36°N Greatest GDP 28°N Deserts & xeric shrubs 26°N Most populous 23.44°N Tropic of Cancer 18°N Most tropical storm crossings 13°N Hottest mean annual temperature 11°N Most countries N hemisphere 7°N Most annual precipitation 0°N/S Equator 3°S Most land S hemisphere (excl. Antarctica) 3°S Tropical & subtropical forests 17-18°S Most countries S hemisphere 18°S Tropical & subtropical grasses 23.44°S Tropic of Capricorn 53°S Strongest mean annual wind velocity 56-63°S All water 66.56°S Antarctic Circle 86+°S Tundra 86-90°S All land 80+°S Least annual precipitation 85+°S Coldest mean annual temperature 90°S South Pole Sources: Animated diagrams showing relations between Earth's axial tilt to the tropical and polar circles modified from: cmglee, NASA (2015) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Axial_tilt_vs_tropical_and_polar_circles.svg Climate data: Annualized using Earth Engine from ERA5 Monthly Aggregates - Latest Climate Reanalysis Produced by ECMWF / Copernicus Climate Change Service (1979-) https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/ECMWF_ERA5_MONTHLY Global circulation and precipitation diagram: https://apollo.nvu.vsc.edu/classes/met130/notes/chapter17/graphics/global_circ_precip.jpg Global winds animation: https://az.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/buac17-912-sci-ess-globalwinds/global-winds/ Biomes: RESOLVE Ecoregions dataset, updated in 2017 https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=37ea320eebb647c6838c23f72abae5ef Historical Hurricane Tracks https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=d053e72aabfd4c5ab4139c3829c1e11c Global Significant Earthquake Database: National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS). NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K Most Countries: nwhyte (2017) Which lines of longitude and latitude pass through the most countries? https://nwhyte.livejournal.com/2929721.html World Population: Center for International Earth Science Information Network - CIESIN - Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Count, Revision 11. Palisades, New York: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). https://doi.org/10.7927/H4JW8BX5. GDP: Wang, T., & Sun, F. (2023). Global gridded GDP under the historical and future scenarios [GDP2020.tif data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7898409 </video> <video> Most GREEN square km on Earth (by major region) Description: If aliens were monitoring our planet over many years, and they really liked the color green, here is a runup of places they might choose to visit. Derived over continental-scale regions of North America, South America, Europe, West Asia, East Asia, and Australia for top of atmosphere (TOA), so as observed from space, by Landsat 8 over five years of imagery. Future work aims to examine how much the ‘greenest square km’ moves around for different time intervals. Analysis excludes very high northern latitudes and Antarctica as areas of long duration or perpetual snow/ice cover returned inconsistent results. Resolution = 1 km². Median filtered imagery to remove clouds, cloud shadows, and anomalous reflectances. Keywords: Geography Viz, World Geography, Greenest Square Kilometer, By Continent, Landsat 8 Imagery, Green index, Top of Atmosphere, Median Filter, Europe, Crimea, Syvash Lake, Africa, Djibouti, Lac Assal, Australia, Lake George, North America, USA, California, Mono Lake, East Asia, China, Qarhan Playa, South America, Argentina, Laguna Amargas, West Asia, Tibet, Zabuye Lake Resources: -Landsat 8, Google Earth Engine, ArcGIS Pro, PPT, OBS Studio, OpenShot -Color info from convertingcolors.com, incl. Behr paint ‘color names’ (over 4600 colors) -Didn’t include for this vid; All but E. Asia were ‘Beluga’, E. Asia = ‘Black Suede’ -Maps and near community identification from various ESRI basemaps -Populations are most recently available from Wikipedia -Ground-level images mostly from google user content, sources by region below Greenness is calculated as the amount of green reflected light relative to red and blue reflected light: Green index = Green / ((Red + Blue) / 2) Details by region: Europe Syvash Lake, Crimea 45.468°N, 35.218°E, 0 m Near Dmytrivka (18 km) Near Nekrasovka (26 km) Hex #14211F Gindex=1.35 Africa Lac Assal, Djibouti 11.682°N, 42.396°E, -158 m Near Yoboki (38 km) Near Tadjoura (55 km) Hex #172E29 Gindex=1.44 Photo credit - Peter Watson, ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p06cz0t8.jpg, accessed 5/30/2023 Australia Lake George 37.389°S, 139.962°E, 0 m Near Beachport (15 km) Near Nora Creina (16 km) Hex #17261C Gindex=1.45 Photo credit - https://wind-hounds.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/dezza2.jpg, accessed 6/3/2023 North America Mono Lake, California 38.057°N, 118.959°W, 1944 m Near Lee Vining (22 km) Near Bodie (23 km) Hex #0A1A17 Gindex=1.49 Photo credit - www.minesnewsroom.com/sites/default/files/news/photos/Mono%20Lake.jpg, accessed 5/30/2023 East Asia Qarhan Playa, China 36.838°N, 95.262°E, 2681 m Near Golmud (70 km) Near Nomhom (122 km) Hex #1F3321 Gindex=1.59 Photo credit - https://cms.bolong.id/img/artikel/qarhan-playa-28h41l4491.jpeg, accessed 6/1/2023 South America Laguna Amargas, Argentina 26.647°S, 68.178°W, 3977 m Near Las Peladas (44 km) Near Loro Huasi (86 km) Hex #1C3021 Gindex=1.65 Photo credit - neron30, lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipPOogcRvlItMUSi0LMqU0B5OHmBVDSrG0yzhiC9, accessed 5/30/2023 West Asia Zabuye Lake, Tibet 31.459°N, 84.060°E, 4424 m Near Lumaringbo (110 km) Near Donco (118 km) Hex #1A3021 Gindex=1.68 Photo credit - youimg1.tripcdn.com/target/01003120009d1jpj13EF1.jpg, accessed 5/30/2023 Research: Lillesand T.M., Kiefer R.W., Chipman J.W., 2015. Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, 7th ed.: Wiley. Jensen J. R., 2006. Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth Resource Perspective. Prentice Hall. 0:00 Intro 0:10 Syvash Lake, Crimea, Europe 0:42 Lac Assal, Djibouti, Africa 1:18 Lake George, Australia 1:50 Mono Lake, California, USA, North America 2:24 Qarhan Playa, China, East Asia 2:54 Laguna Amargas, Argentina, South America 3:32 Zabuye Lake, Tibet, West Asia 4:05 Map and Conclusion </video> <video> 50 Christmas Towns USA (one per state) Description: Christmas towns by state of the United States. Listing compiled by HGTV in an article titled “Our 50 Favorite Small Towns to Visit for Christmas” by Joe Sills and Meredith Rosenberg. Mapping and geographic analysis. 0:00 Intro 0:22 Christmas towns first half 2:08 Christmas towns second half 3:55 Final map 4:09 Latitude and Climate of Christmas towns 5:31 Demographics of Christmas towns 6:13 End Keywords: Geography Viz, USA, 50 Christmas Towns, Christmas Towns by state, map, climate, demographics Methods and Sources: Joe Sills and Meredith Rosenberg “Our 50 Favorite Small Towns to Visit for Christmas” HGTV https://www.hgtv.com/lifestyle/travel/best-small-towns-to-visit-this-christmas-pictures (accessed 12/10/2023) Place name geocoding by Esri geocoding service using city and state name Temperature and snow data are December 25 point estimates of mean 2000-2019 temperature_2m and snow_depth bands of Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) (2017): ERA5: Fifth generation of ECMWF atmospheric reanalyses of the global climate. Copernicus Climate Change Service Climate Data Store (CDS), (accessed 12/10/2023s), https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/home Probability of Christmas snow cover: NCEI_historic_Christmas_Snow_Stats_CONUS https://noaa.hub.arcgis.com/datasets/5054991a4220475eadf54968b680dd73_0/explore (accessed 12/10/2023) Demographic data obtained from Enrich ArcGIS tool using geocoded place name points, 10 mi radius Esri Navigation base map Music by Jingle Punks </video> <video> Most BLUE square km on Earth (by major region) Description: If aliens were monitoring our planet over many years, and they really liked the color blue, here is a runup of places they might choose to visit. Derived over continental-scale regions of North America, South America, Europe, West Asia, East Asia, and Australia for top of atmosphere (TOA), so as observed from space, by Landsat 8 over five years of imagery. Future work aims to examine how much the ‘bluest square km’ moves around for different time intervals. Analysis excludes very high northern latitudes and Antarctica as areas of long duration or perpetual snow/ice cover returned inconsistent results. Resolution = 1 km². Median filtered imagery to remove clouds, cloud shadows, and anomalous reflectances. Keywords: Geography Viz, World Geography, Bluest Square Kilometer, By Continent, Landsat 8 Imagery, Blue index, Top of Atmosphere, Median Filter, Lake Spectral Analysis, NASA EO-1 Hyperion, Africa, Lake Malawi, East Asia, Mongolia, Lake Khövsgöl, Europe, Russia, Lake Ladoga, Australia, New Zealand, Lake Wakatipu, South America, Chile, Lago Azul, North America, USA, California, Lake Tahoe, West Asia, China, Tibet, Lake Mucuo Resources: -Landsat 8, Google Earth Engine, ArcGIS Pro, PPT, gInk, OBS Studio, OpenShot -Color info from convertingcolors.com, incl. Behr paint ‘color names’ (over 4600 colors) -Didn’t include for this vid; All were ‘Beluga’; Lowest variance (cf. reddest km²) -Maps and near community identification from various ESRI basemaps -Populations are most recently available from Wikipedia -Hyperspectral data from NASA EO-1 Hyperion Blueness is calculated as the amount of blue reflected light relative to red and green reflected light: Blue index = Blue / ((Red + Green) / 2) 0:00 Intro 0:10 Lake Malawi, Africa 0:25 Lake Khövsgöl, Mongolia, East Asia 0:40 Lake Ladoga, Russia, Europe 0:51 Lake Wakatipu, New Zealand, Australia 1:04 Lago Azul, Chile, South America 1:28 Lake Tahoe, California, USA, North America 1:54 Lake Mucuo, China, Tibet, West Asia 2:30 Lake Spectral Analyses, NASA EO-1 Hyperion 3:20 Map and Conclusion Details by region: Africa Lake Malawi 11.910°S, 34.841°E, 476 m Near Mzuzu (105 km), Mzimba (139 km) Hex #0A0F1A Bindex=2.13 East Asia Lake Khövsgöl, Mongolia 100.364°N, 50.848°E, 1645 m Near Khovsgol (120 km), Erdenebulgan (190 km) Hex #0A1221 Bindex=2.26 Europe Lake Ladoga, Russia 60.994°N, 30.745°E, 1 m Near Priozersk (70 km), St. Petersburg (230 km) Hex #080D1A Bindex=2.39 Australia Lake Wakatipu, New Zealand 45.057°S, 168.690°E, 312 m Near Kelvin Heights (2 km), Queenstown (5 km) Hex #080F1C Bindex=2.40 South America Lago Azul, Chile 41.943°S, 71.852°W, 226 m Near Lago Pueblo (32 km), El Bolsón (35 km) Hex #080D1A Bindex=2.48 North America Lake Tahoe, California, USA 39.159°N, 120.037°W, 1898 m Near Dollar Point (8 km), Crystal Bay (10 km) Hex #050A14 Bindex=2.57 West Asia Lake Mucuo, China 30.674°N, 86.252°E, 4686 m Near Xigazê (355 km), Lhasa (560 km) Hex#050A17 Bindex=2.84 Photo credit ‘Xuru Co’ by yy hu, Oct 2018, https://www.google.com/maps/place/Xuru+Co/@30.2711512,86.3984793 </video> <video> Highest Points in USA States #geography #usa #states #mountains #highpoints Description: Top 10 plus full list of USA state highpoints (highest elevation points by state) See corresponding full YouTube video for more detailed information about these and all the other USA state highpoints: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z6rPYWSjdUw&t=612s Keywords: Geography Viz, United States Geography, Highpoints, Highpointing, Highest Elevation by State Full list: #1 Alaska, Denali 20310 ft (6190 m) #2 California, Mount Whitney 14494 ft (4418 m) #3 Colorado, Mount Elbert 14433 ft (4399 m) #4 Washington, Mount Rainier 14411 ft (4392 m) #5 Wyoming, Gannett Peak 13804 ft (4207 m) #6 Hawaii, Pu'u Wēkiu, Mauna Kea 13796 ft (4205 m) #7 Utah, Kings Peak 13528 ft (4123 m) #8 New Mexico, Wheeler Peak 13161 ft (4011 m) #9 Nevada, Boundary Peak 13140 ft (4005 m) #10 Montana, Granite Peak 12799 ft (3901 m) #11 Idaho, Borah Peak 12662 ft (3859 m) #12 Arizona, Humphreys Peak 12633 ft (3851 m) #13 Oregon, Mount Hood 11239 ft (3426 m) #14 Texas, Guadalupe Peak 8749 ft (2667 m) #15 South Dakota, Black Elk Peak 7242 ft (2207 m) #16 North Carolina, Mount Mitchell 6684 ft (2037 m) #17 Tennessee, Clingmans Dome 6643 ft (2025 m) #18 New Hampshire, Mount Washington 6288 ft (1917 m) #19 Virginia, Mount Rogers 5729 ft (1746 m) #20 Nebraska, Panorama Point 5424 ft (1653 m) #21 New York, Mount Marcy 5344 ft (1629 m) #22 Maine, Baxter Peak 5268 ft (1606 m) #23 Oklahoma, Black Mesa 4973 ft (1516 m) #24 West Virginia, Spruce Knob 4863 ft (1482 m) #25 Georgia, Brasstown Bald 4784 ft (1458 m) #26 Vermont, Mount Mansfield 4393 ft (1339 m) #27 Kentucky, Black Mountain 4145 ft (1263 m) #28 Kansas, Mount Sunflower 4039 ft (1231 m) #29 South Carolina, Sassafras Mountain 3560 ft (1085 m) #30 North Dakota, White Butte 3506 ft (1069 m) #31 Massachusetts, Mount Greylock 3491 ft (1064 m) #32 Maryland, Hoye Crest 3360 ft (1024 m) #33 Pennsylvania, Mount Davis 3213 ft (979 m) #34 Arkansas, Magazine Mountain 2753 ft (839 m) #35 Alabama, Cheaha Mountain 2407 ft (734 m) #36 Connecticut, Mount Frissel south slope, state line 2380 ft (725 m) #37 Minnesota, Eagle Mountain 2301 ft (701 m) #38 Michigan, Mount Arvon 1979 ft (603 m) #39 Wisconsin, Timms Hill 1951 ft (595 m) #40 New Jersey, High Point 1803 ft (550 m) #41 Missouri, Taum Sauk Mountain 1772 ft (540 m) #42 Iowa, Hawkeye Point 1670 ft (509 m) #43 Ohio, Campbell Hill 1550 ft (472 m) #44 Indiana, Hoosier Hill 1257 ft (383 m) #45 Illinois, Charles Mound 1235 ft (376 m) #46 Rhode Island, Jerimoth Hill 812 ft (247 m) #47 Mississippi, Woodall "Mountain" 806 ft (246 m) #48 Louisiana, Driskill "Mountain" 535 ft (163 m) #49 Delaware, Along Ebright Road near DE-PA state line 448 ft (137 m) #50 Florida, Britton Hill 345 ft (105 m) Data Sources and Photo Credits: Elevations pubs.usgs.gov/gip/Elevations-Distances/elvadist.html Coordinates and descriptions highpointers.org/us-highpoint-guide/ MT commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Granite_Peak_Montana_2.jpg jfisher2167 NV commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:'15-04-29_17_45_47_View_of_Boundary_Peak,_Nevada_from_U.S._Route_6_just_east_of_the_California_state_line_in_Mineral_County,_Nevada.JPG Famartin NM www.flickr.com/photos/56181704@N00/474802126 D Herrera UT commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kings_Peak_Close_Up.jpg H Wright HI commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mauna_Kea_Summit_Trail,_Mauna_Kea_%28503901%29_%2821770618626%29.jpg R Linsdell WY commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gannett_Peak.jpg USFS WA commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mount_Rainier_from_west.jpg S Shebs CO www.flickr.com/photos/18606128@N00/181622538 R Kimpel CA commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mount_Whitney_'03-03-25.jpg Geographer AK commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mt._McKinley,_Denali_National_Park.jpg N McPhee </video> <video> Red and Blue Maps (Trump-Biden 2020 Presidential Election) Description: US Presidential Election maps - Aka, Red and Blue maps! This video is about the visual design of United States Presidential Election maps by various media outlets. This is not a political analysis. Almost all maps shown are from the Trump-Biden 2020 presidential election. 0:00 Red and blue maps introduction 0:35 Common media thematic maps 3:42 Tile maps 4:45 Cartograms 5:58 Graduated symbol maps 6:46 Mosaic cartogram maps 8:56 Other visual compilations 9:37 Brief history of red-blue maps 10:55 Canada electoral map Keywords: Geography Viz, USA, 2020 Trump-Biden presidential election, red and blue maps, thematic election maps, electoral college maps, cartograms, square tiles, hex tiles, mosaic maps, graduated symbols, diagrammatic maps, electoral map history, Canada election map References: https://medium.com/swlh/data-visualization-us-election-2020-a3d3531b611c https://www.anychart.com/blog/2020/11/06/election-maps-us-vote-live-results/ https://worldmapper.org/us-presidential-election-2020/ https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/ken.flerlage/viz/VisualizingthePresidentialElection/Title https://lilyhoutman.github.io/portfolio/waystomap2020.html https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2012/11/01/163632378/a-campaign-map-morphed-by-money Vox video ‘The bad map we see every presidential election’ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hlQE4IGFc5A https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Usa-flag-3d-silk-flag-american-flag-us-flag-3d-flag-of-usa.jpg https://medium.com/swlh/how-the-people-really-voted-bfdd8aa872f2 https://worldmapper.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/USA_Politics_Election_2020_BlogPreview.png https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2012/11/01/163632378/a-campaign-map-morphed-by-money https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USA_electoral_votes_2020_hex_cartogram.svg https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/tv/la-et-st-electoral-map-20161102-htmlstory.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2019_Canadian_General_Election.svg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Canadian_Federal_Election_Cartogram_2019.svg </video> <video> Amazing satellite images - Urban edition Description: Images of Earth from space - Urban edition! Ten image scenes: 0:00 Intro 0:10 (1) Urban heat punches holes in fog, New Delhi, India 0:47 (2) Explosive urban growth, Shanghai, China 1:33 (3) Urban heat island, Atlanta, Georgia 2:18 (4) Urban lights (or lack of), southeast Asia 3:18 (5) Patterns in light and snow, central China 4:14 (6) Holiday lights signature, eastern US 5:11 (7) Urban layout change, Cleveland, Ohio 5:54 (8) Lawns in desert and throughout the US 6:57 (9) Global pollution monitoring (NO2) 7:37 (10) Building-scale urban applications 8:12 Thumbnails Keywords: Geography Viz, Remote Sensing, Satellite Imagery, Urban Images, Landsat, VIIRS-DNB, Astronaut Photography, Ozone Monitoring Instrument, WorldView3 Imagery and other data sources: NASA Earth Observatory (Feb 2018) https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/91742/urban-heat-islands-punch-holes-in-fog Gautam, R. and Singh, M.K. (2018) Urban Heat Island Over Delhi Punches Holes in Widespread Fog in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Geophysical Research Letters, 45 (2), 1114–1121. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076794 NASA Earth Observatory https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/world-of-change/Shanghai Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Statistics https://www.shanghai.gov.cn/ NASA Earth Observatory (Dec 2006) https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/7205/urban-heat-island-atlanta-georgia NASA Earth Observatory (Dec 2012) https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/IntotheBlack/page4.php NASA Earth Observatory (Jan 2018) https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/91587/urban-patterns-in-snow-and-light NASA Earth Observatory (Dec 2014) https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/84926/bursting-with-holiday-energy Román, M.O. and Stokes, E.C. (2015) Holidays in lights: Tracking cultural patterns in demand for energy services. Earth’s Future, 3 (6) 182-205. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014EF000285 NASA Earth Observatory (Jan 2021) https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/147803/from-automobiles-to-armstrong Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth https://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ NASA Earth Observatory (Nov 2005) https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/Lawn/lawn.php Landsat 9 false color imagery exported from USGS LandsatLook https://landsatlook.usgs.gov/explore Milesi, C., S.W. Running, C.D. Elvidge, J.B. Dietz, B.T. Tuttle, R.R. Nemani. (2005) Mapping and modeling the biogeochemical cycling of turf grasses in the United States. Environmental Management 36(3), 426-438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0316-2 NASA Earth Observatory (Mar 2022) https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/149560/no-breathing-easy-for-city-dwellers-nitrogen-dioxide Anenberg, S.C., et al. (2022) Long-term trends in urban NO2 concentrations and associated paediatric asthma incidence: estimates from global datasets The Lancet Planetary Health, 6: e49–e58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00255-2 Very high resolution sample imagery from https://explore.maxar.com/HD-Technology.html </video> <video> Seven Summits - Highest mountain by continent #geography #world #continents #mountains #highpoints Description: Earth’s highest 7 mountain peaks by continent (“Seven Summits”), also known as the Bass/Messner list. See corresponding full YouTube video for more detailed information about these and other Earth highpoints: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iSK5OLpAgAc&t=96s Profile imagery simplified from draped earth imagery 3D viewed horizontally. Profile summit heights are plotted approximately and are not vertically scaled. Keywords: Geography Viz, World Geography, Highest Mountains by Continent, Seven Summits, Richard Bass List, Reinhold Messner List, Mount Everest, Aconcagua, Denali, Kilimanjaro, Vinson Massif, Mount Elbrus, Mont Blanc, Puncak Jaya, Mount Kosciuszko List of summits with elevation, Bass (a) or Messner (b) Seven Summit height rank [x], and type of mountain origin if in a region of high activity during the last million years: Mount Everest, 8,849 m [1], collisional orogeny Aconcagua, 6,961 m [2], stratovolcano Denali, 6,194 m [3], subduction orogeny Kilimanjaro, 5,895 m [4], stratovolcano Mount Elbrus, 5,642 m [5], stratovolcano Vinson Massif, 4,892 m [6], ancient uplift Puncak Jaya, 4,884 m [7a], subduction orogeny Mount Kosciuszko, 2,228 m [7b], ancient uplift — Mont Blanc, [highest fully in Europe], collisional orogeny Mount Chimborazo, [highest from Earth center], stratovolcano Mauna Kea, [highest from sea floor base], hotspot shield volcano Inspirational and source information: Mount Kosciuszko photo credit John Wormell (2007) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kosciuszko_Townsend.jpg Puncak Jaya photo credit Enda Kaban (2020) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carstenzs_Piramida_Mountain.jpg Vinson Massif photo credit Christian Stangl (2009) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mount_Vinson_from_NW_at_Vinson_Plateau_by_Christian_Stangl_(flickr).jpg Mount Elbrus photo credit JukoFF (2008) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mount_Elbrus_May_2008.jpg Mont Blanc photo credit Max572 (2013) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monte_bianco.JPG Kilimanjaro photo credit Chris 73 (2006) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mt._Kilimanjaro_12.2006.JPG Denali photo credit Denali National Park and Preserve (2010) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wonder_Lake_and_Denali.jpg Aconcagua photo credit Daniel Peppes Gauer (2010) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monte_Aconcagua.jpg Everest photo credit Rdevany (2012) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Mt._Everest_from_Gokyo_Ri_November_5%2C_2012.jpg National Geographic (2020) Mount Everest is two feet taller, China and Nepal announce, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/new-height-of-mount-everest-announced-by-china-and-nepal [summit elevation source used for Mount Everest] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Summits [less reliable source of all other summit elevations, accessed 8/24/2023, various primary sources cited within] https://visual.ly/community/Infographics/education/worlds-highest-mountains https://marmotamaps.com/en/blog/wp-content/uploads/Seven-Summits_H%C3%B6hen-1024x257.png https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-seven-summits.html\ Wallenfeldt, Jeff. "7 (or 8) Summits: The World’s Highest Mountains by Continent". Encyclopedia Britannica, 18 Jul. 2018, https://www.britannica.com/list/7-or-8-summits-the-worlds-highest-mountains-by-continent ESRI Terrain basemap </video> <video> Earth’s Highest 7 (or 8+) Mountains by Continent (“Seven Summits”) Description: First slide is profile imagery simplified from draped earth imagery 3D viewed horizontally with 2x vertical exaggeration. Profile summit heights are plotted approximately and are not vertically scaled. Second slide is Mount Everest Creative Commons photo Third slide is an NOAA infographic titled “Highest mountain on Earth?” Fourth slide is a map of all mentioned summits in the video over a NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center mapping of tectonism and volcanism during the last one million years. Keywords: Geography Viz, World Geography, Highest Mountains, Seven Summits, Richard Bass, Reinhold Messner, Mountain Types and Tectonic/Volcanic Settings, Mount Everest, Aconcagua, Denali, Kilimanjaro, Vinson Massif, Mount Elbrus, Mount Kosciuszko,Puncak Jaya, Mont Blanc, Mount Chimborazo, Mauna Kea List of summits featured in video with elevation, Seven Summit list rank [x], and type of mountain origin if in a region of high activity during the last million years: Mount Everest, 8,849 m [1], collisional orogeny Aconcagua, 6,961 m [2], stratovolcano Denali, 6,194 m [3], subduction orogeny Kilimanjaro, 5,895 m [4], stratovolcano Mount Elbrus, 5,642 m [5], stratovolcano Vinson Massif, 4,892 m [6], ancient uplift Puncak Jaya, 4,884 m [7a], subduction orogeny Mount Kosciuszko, 2,228 m [7b], ancient uplift Mont Blanc, [highest fully in Europe], collisional orogeny Mount Chimborazo, [highest from Earth center], stratovolcano Mauna Kea, [highest from sea floor base], hotspot shield volcano Inspirational graphics and source information: National Geographic (2020) Mount Everest is two feet taller, China and Nepal announce, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/new-height-of-mount-everest-announced-by-china-and-nepal [summit elevation source used for Mount Everest] Photo credit Rdevany (2012) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Mt._Everest_from_Gokyo_Ri_November_5%2C_2012.jpg https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/highestpoint.html [summit elevation source used for Mount Chimborazo and Mauna Kea] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Summits [less reliable source of all other summit elevations, accessed 8/24/2023, various primary sources cited within] https://visual.ly/community/Infographics/education/worlds-highest-mountains https://marmotamaps.com/en/blog/wp-content/uploads/Seven-Summits_H%C3%B6hen-1024x257.png https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-seven-summits.html\ Wallenfeldt, Jeff. "7 (or 8) Summits: The World’s Highest Mountains by Continent". Encyclopedia Britannica, 18 Jul. 2018, https://www.britannica.com/list/7-or-8-summits-the-worlds-highest-mountains-by-continent NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Digital Tectonic Activity Map of the Earth (DTAM-1, 2002) Tectonism and Volcanism of the Last One Million Years, https://visibleearth.nasa.gov/images/88415/digital-tectonic-activity-map/88416w </video> <video> 200 Earth Impact Craters Mapped by Size and Age Description: Mapping all 200 impact craters of the Earth Impact Database, Planetary and Space Science Centre Keywords: Geography Viz, World Geography, Earth Impact Craters, Crater Size Classes, Crater Ages, Earth Impact Database, Planetary and Space Science Centre, Impact Craters Map 0:00 Intro 0:19 Carancas Crater 0:31 Haviland Crater 0:48 Kaali Crater 1:17 Douglas Crater 1:45 Boxhole, Aouelloul, Amguid, Monturaqui and Wolfe Creek craters 2:20 Barringer Crater (Meteor Crater) 3:28 Rotor Kamm Crater 3:40 New Quebec Crater 3:50 Gow Crater 4:17 Tin Bider Crater 4:28 Piccaninny Crater 4:42 Couture Crater 4:57 Connolly Crater 5:26 Spatial distribution of earth impact craters 5:57 Upheaval Dome Crater 6:10 Bosumtwi Crater 6:20 Gosses Bluff Crater 6:30 Haughton Crater 6:43 Ries Crater 6:53 Slate Islands Crater 7:03 Clearwater West Crater 7:14 Mjølnir Crater 7:33 Kara-Kul Crater 7:44 Manicouagan Crater 8:12 Sudbury Basin Crater 8:38 Chicxulub Crater 9:16 Vredefort Crater 9:54 Earth impact craters map References & Photo Credits: Earth Impact Database, Planetary and Space Science Centre. Accessed 2/1/2024. http://www.passc.net/EarthImpactDatabase/New%20website_05-2018/Index.html Many Google Earth and NASA World Wind imagery screenshots Carancas crater photo by Naturkundemuseum Berlin. https://www.meteorite-recon.com/home/meteorite-documentaries/carancas-meteorite Kaali crater photo by wwikgren, 6/21/2016. https://www.flickr.com/photos/23227301@N00/27993548643/ Veski S, Heinsalu A, Kirsimäe K, Poska A & Saarse L (2001) Ecological catastrophe in connection with the impact of the Kaali meteorite about 800–400 BC on the island of Saaremaa, Estonia. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 36, 1367-1375. Mö NA (2020) The Kaali impact as trigger of a mega-tsunami event and violent seismotectonics in Sweden. International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 10, 235-246. Kenkmann T, Sundell KA. & Cook D (2018) Evidence for a large Paleozoic impact crater strewn field in the Rocky Mountains. Scientific reports, 8, 1-12. Amguid Crater photo by B Devouard. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CratereAmguid.jpg Monturaqui Crater photo by RudiR https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monturaqui.jpg Wolfe Creek Crater photo by enet_gre. https://greenhillmigration.com.au/sights-to-see-in-australia-wolfe-creek-crater/ Kring DA (2007) Guidebook to the geology of barringer meteorite crater, Arizona. Houston: Lunar and Planetary Institute. Rotor Kamm Crater photo, O Ernst, 26 Apr 2017. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roter_Kamm_Bird%27s_Eye_View.jpg New Quebec Crater photo, courtesy of D Sarrazin, 12 Oct 2007. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/79743/ice-free-crater-lakes-on-ungava-peninsula NASA image of simple and complex craters https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Craterstructure.gif Tin Bider Crater imagery NASA Earth Observatory Image of the Day, Dec 19, 2010 (Instrument: EO-1 — ALI). https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/47939/tin-bider-crater-algeria Neville AS, Cook DJ, Afifi AM & Stewart SA (2014) Five buried crater structures imaged on reflection seismic data in Saudi Arabia. GeoArabia, 19, 17-44. Cratonic Regions Map https://www.athenapub.com/aria1/PAL/craton1.html Gosses Bluff Crater photo https://www.reddit.com/r/australia/comments/9ctcag/an_impact_crater_in_the_northern_territory_gosses/ Haughton imagery is TanDEM-X elevation model provided to Earth Impact Database by Manfred Gottwald Haughton shatter cone photo modified from Fig 2 of Osinski GR & Spray JG (2006) Shatter cones of the Haughton impact structure, Canada. In First International Conference on Impact Cratering in the Solar System. Ries Crater photo by Wolkenkratzer, 10 Jul 2016. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:N%C3%B6rdlingen_009.jpg Dressler BO, Sharpton VL & Copeland P (1999) Slate Islands, Lake Superior, Canada: A mid-size, complex impact structure (No. Special-Paper-339). Geological Society of America. Manicouagan Crater imagery https://www.myscience.org/news/2023/des_chercheurs_decouvrent_le_lac_le_plus_profond_du_quebec-2023-ulaval Sudbury basin imagery https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/148844/sudbury-impact-structure Sudbury basin cross-sections https://craterexplorer.ca/sudbury-impact-structure/, initial source Ontario Geological Survey Sudbury basin cross-section https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sudbury_Basin_Non-Ferrous_Metals_-_Eastern_Canada_map.png Chicxulub imagery https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yucatan_chix_crater.jpg Impact artistic rendering (NASA) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Impact_event.jpg K-T-boundary rock image from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:K-T-boundary.JPG Allen NH, Nakajima M, Wünnemann K, Helhoski S & Trail D (2022) A revision of the formation conditions of the Vredefort crater. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 127, e2022JE007186. </video> <video> Earth’s 7 Lowest Points by Continent (“Seven Lows”) + Lowest under water & ice + Lowest by countries Description: 7 Lows with elevations and ranks [x]: Dead Sea, Asia, Israel/Jordan [1] -437 m (-1434 ft) Lake Assal, Africa, Djibouti [2] -155 m (-509 ft) Laguna del Carbón, South America, Argentina [3] -105 m (-344 ft) Death Valley, North America, USA [4] -86 m (-282 ft) Deep Lake, Antarctica [5] -51 m (-167 ft) Caspian Sea, Europe, several countries [6] -28 m (-92 ft) Lake Eyre, Australia [7] -15 m (-49 ft) Keywords: Geography Viz, World Geography, Lowest elevation points, Seven Lows, Lake Eyre, Caspian Sea, Deep Lake, Death Valley, Laguna del Carbón, Lake Assal, Dead Sea, Lake Baikal, Denman Glacier, Challenger Deep, Kola Superdeep Refs & credits Fly-in animations: Google Earth Pro-2x VE Eyre water level: https://web.archive.org/web/20120523201740/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/oce/oce-04.html Eyre depths: NASA. 2020. Sizing up Remote Lakes. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/148230/sizing-up-remote-lakes Eyre photo: Lake Eyre 2004, ogwen, https://web.archive.org/web/20161027005658/http://www.panoramio.com/photo/76389325 Eyre: Schellart, W. P., & Spakman, W. 2015. Australian plate motion and topography linked to fossil New Guinea slab below Lake Eyre. Earth and Planetary Sci Letters, 421, 107-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.03.036 Eyre: Magee, J. W., & Miller, G. H. 1998. Lake Eyre palaeohydrology from 60 ka to the present: beach ridges and glacial maximum aridity. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 144, 307-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00124-2 Caspian water level: https://cabar.asia/en/caspian-sea-passes-critical-shallow-point-what-is-the-reason-behind-a-sharp-decline-in-water-level-in-largest-inland-body-of-water#:~:text=In%202022%2C%20its%20level%20reached,a%20natural%20way%20via%20precipitation. Caspian photo: NASA Johnson Space Center. 2018. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ISS056-E-13641_-_View_of_Azerbaijan.jpg Caspian: Kaz’Min, V. G., & Verzhbitskii, E. V. 2011. Age and origin of the South Caspian Basin. Oceanology, 51, 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437011010073 Caspian animation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UevnAq1MTVA 100-15 Ma Deep water level: https://researchdata.edu.au/water-levels-deep-vestfold-hills/701721 Deep photo: Paul Hunt, antarctica.gov.au, https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=4041816909235498&set=a.906628919420995 Deep: https://earthathome.org/hoe/glaciers/ Deep: https://www.ipcc.ch/srocc/chapter/chapter-3-2/3-1-introduction-polar-regions-people-and-the-planet/ipcc-srocc-cb_8_1/ Death Valley: USGS National Elevation Dataset (NED) Death Valley photo: Joe Parks. 2011. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Badwater_Basin_-_Flickr_-_Joe_Parks.jpg Death Valley: NPS https://www.nps.gov/deva/learn/nature/faults.htm del Carbón elevation: Lynch DK "Land Below Sea Level". https://geology.com/below-sea-level/. 9/7/2023. del Carbón: Echavarría, L. E., Schalamuk, I. B., & Etcheverry, R. O. (2005). Geologic and tectonic setting of Deseado Massif epithermal deposits, Argentina, based on El Dorado-Monserrat. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 19, 415-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2005.06.005 del Carbón photo: Extracted Google Maps photo Assal water level: Lynch DK "Land Below Sea Level". https://geology.com/below-sea-level/ Assal photo: Watson P, ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p06cz0t8.jpg Assal animation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_N9JrNjE5qI Dead Sea water level: https://icl-group-sustainability.com/reports/dead-sea-water-level/ Dead Sea photo: Dead Sea Float_12IGD1530_Itamar Grinberg_IMOT, Dead Sea float. 2012. Itamar Grinberg for the Israeli Ministry of Tourism. https://www.flickr.com/photos/israelphotogallery/14855986900/in/photostream/ Dead Sea: Aldaajani, T. Z., Almalki, K. A., & Betts, P. G. 2021. Plume versus slab-pull: example from the Arabian Plate. Frontiers in Earth Sci, 9, 700550. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.700550 Dead Sea: Smit, J., Brun, J. P., Fort, X., Cloetingh, S. A. P. L., & Ben-Avraham, Z. 2008. Salt tectonics in pull-apart basins with application to the Dead Sea Basin. Tectonophysics, 449(1-4), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2007.12.004 Baikal imagery: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baikal-S1999276045323.png Denman Glacier aerial: https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/denman20200325-nasa.jpg Challenger Deep bathymetry: Google Map capture Earth Interior fig: https://www.geologyin.com/2016/01/what-is-difference-between-oceanic.html Countries land below sea level: https://geology.com/below-sea-level/ Danakil photo: A.Savin 2018 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ET_Afar_asv2018-01_img46_Dallol.jpg Vpadina Kaundy photo: Thermokarst 2010 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:View_of_Karagiye_Depression.JPG Quattara photo: cheesy42 2007 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Qattara_Depression_(March_2007).jpg Turpan photo: Colegota 2005 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Turpan-flaming-mountains-camellos-d01.jpg </video> <video> Most RED square km on Earth (by major region) Description: If aliens were monitoring our planet over many years, and they really liked the color red, here is a runup of places they might choose to visit. Derived over continental-scale regions of North America, South America, Europe, West Asia, East Asia, and Australia for top of atmosphere (TOA), so as observed from space, by Landsat 8 over five years of imagery. Future work aims to examine how much the ‘reddest square km’ moves around for different time intervals. Analysis excludes very high northern latitudes and Antarctica as areas of long duration or perpetual snow/ice cover returned inconsistent results. Resolution = 1 km². Median filtered imagery to remove clouds, cloud shadows, and anomalous reflectances. Keywords: Geography Viz, World Geography, Reddest Square Kilometer, By Continent, Landsat 8 Imagery, Red index, Top of Atmosphere, Median Filter, Europe, Spain, Central Plateau, East Asia, China, Tengger Desert, South America, Bolivia, Laguna Colorada, North America, Utah, Colorado Plateau, West Asia, Saudi Arabia, An Nafud Desert, Australia, Northern Territory, Simpson Desert, Africa, Chad, Sahara Desert Resources: -Landsat 8, Google Earth Engine, ArcGIS Pro, PPT, OBS Studio, OpenShot -Color info from convertingcolors.com, incl. Behr paint ‘color names’ (over 4600 colors) -Maps and near community identification from various ESRI basemaps -Populations are most recently available from Wikipedia -Ground-level images mostly from google user content, sources by region below Redness is calculated as the amount of red reflected light relative to green and blue reflected light: Red index = Red / ((Green + Blue) / 2) Details by region: Europe Spain, Central Plateau 38.782°N, 3.086°W, 813 m Near Alcubillas (6.7 km) Near Villanueva de los Infantes (10.1 km) Color Hex #38241F Rindex = 1.69 ‘Bitter Chocolate’ Google Street View along road CM-3217, accessed 5/7/2023 https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipN6w-vCeulB2oy-KSdd2l2FyLwesrjqAKqjQHJ8=w2560-h1440-pd, accessed 5/7/2023 Asia East China, Tengger Desert 39.880°N, 105.754°E, 1030 m Near Jartai (16 km) Near Wuhai (121 km) Color Hex #4A2B24 Rindex = 1.81 ‘Chicory Root’ https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipOrPj4ZQJnovrmuDK6T_ReG8DKCL_W8uIvHyKy8=w1280-h720-pd, accessed 3/27/2023 South America Bolivia, Laguna Colorada 22.191°S, 67.791°W, 4289 m Near San Pedro de Atacama (96 km) Near Calama (130 km) Color Hex #452E1A Rindex = 1.96 ‘Cordovan Leather’ https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNwLEK5J0F2kEG_4ySPKOp8TuFdmJAQ3SkGzkcB=h1440, accessed 5/4/2023 North America USA, Utah, Colorado Plateau 37.060°N, 113.399°W, 1221 m Near St. George (20 km) Near Hurricane (20 km) Color Hex #542E21 Rindex = 2.14 ‘Brown Eyes’ https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNin7-HWRt63PBnxrPSmxiaw6L9IR4h6dhKnsoJ=s680-w680-h510, accessed 3/27/2023 Asia West Saudi Arabia, An Nafud Desert 42.073°N, 28.826°E, 720 m Near Baqa’a (31 km) Near Ha’il (168 km) Color Hex #633626 Rindex = 2.21 ‘Root Beer’ https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipPcrrjVaEJJSPH24sg9SnItO9pDJ_RekOMZPCyh=w408-h306-k-no, accessed 3/27/2023 Australia Northern Territory, Simpson Desert 25.380°S, 137.195°E, 84 m Near Simpson (102 km) Near Alice Springs (423 km) Color Hex #45211C Rindex = 2.31 ‘Cordovan Leather’ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Andado2_-_Christopher_Watson.jpg, accessed 3/27/2023 Africa Chad, Sahara Desert 19.242°N, 22.768°E, 801 m Near Faya-Largeau (433 km) Al Jawf (598 km) Color Hex #612E21 Rindex = 2.42 ‘Burnished Mahogany’ Kröpelin, S., 2007. Reconnaissance of the Erdi Ma (northeast Chad). Atlas of cultural and environmental change in arid Africa, eds. O. Bubenzer, A. Bolten and F. Darius, 58Á59. Köln: Heinrich-Barth-Institut. 0:00 Intro 0:10 Central Plateau, Spain, Europe 1:02 Tengger Desert, China, East Asia 1:35 Laguna Colorada, Bolivia, South America 2:16 Colorado Plateau, Utah, North America 2:52 An Nafud Desert, Saudi Arabia, West Asia 3:16 Simpson Desert, Northern Territory, Australia 3:45 Sahara Desert, Africa, Chad 4:05 Map and Conclusion </video> <video> Five Lows #geography #world #continents #lowpoints Description: Earth’s lowest points: Land, Lake bottom, Glacier base, Ocean bottom, and Drilled See corresponding full YouTube video for more detailed information about many Earth lowpoints: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uwn1D0gjlQs Keywords: Geography Viz, World Geography, Lowest elevation points, Dead Sea, Lake Baikal, Denman Glacier, Challenger Deep, Kola Superdeep Borehole Refs & credits World Imagery ESRI basemap Dead Sea photo: لا روسا 2014. Dead Sea beach, jordan. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dead_Sea_beach_00.JPG Baikal imagery: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baikal-S1999276045323.png Denman Glacier aerial: https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/denman20200325-nasa.jpg Challenger Deep bathymetry: Google Map capture Kola Superdeep Borehole photo: Andre Belozeroff. 2007. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg </video>

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Visual explorations of geography! Extensive use of GIS analyses, remotely sensed imagery, and data plotting. Will cover landforms, climate, hydrology, geology, life, and a geographic perspective on some major news stories. Some focus on the USA, but will build towards more global content. All videos include maps, imagery, and figures!

Help me reach the next milestone:
First video - May 2022
100 views - Jun 2022
1k views - Sep 2022
10 subscribers - Sep 2022
100 subscribers - Dec 2022
10k views - Dec 2022
100k views - Dec 2022 (rapid growth w Highest Point by USA State vid even though I was a bit sloppy with that one...)
1k subscribers - Dec 2022 (1st channel investment - mic, but still struggle with audio setup - why am I so bad at that?)
500k views - Mar 2024 (rapid growth w Impact Craters vid)
5k subscribers - Mar 2024
1M views - Apr 2024
10k subscribers - Dec 2024 (and the first vid hitting 1 million views)
5M views - ??
20k subscribers - ??

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