Channel Title: History of Humankind Channel Description: Our journey. From David Kelly, creator of History of the Universe and co-creator behind History of the Earth and Voices of the Past. Business enquiries: historyofhumankind@lighthouseagents.com Other enquiries: historyofhumankindchannel@gmail.com <video> Why Did We Evolve Family? Description: Thanks to Storyblocks for sponsoring this video! Download unlimited stock media at one set price with Storyblocks: http://storyblocks.com/Humankind ------------------------- Written by Anna Goldfield Art by the legendary Ettore Mazza: https://www.instagram.com/ettore.mazza Editing by Andrew Dixon Title editing by Manuel Rubio Fact checking by Amanda Rossillo Huge thanks to Bone Clones for their fantastic skull replicas. Check them out at https://boneclones.com/ An extra special thanks to Donald Johanson, Julie Russ and everyone else involved with the Institute of Human Origins at Arizona State University. 2024 marks the 50th anniversary of the discovery of Lucy, to find out more about the find's impact on the science of human origins: https://www.youtube.com/@ASUInstituteofHumanOrigins https://becominghuman.org/ Music from Silver Maple, Epidemic Sound and Artlist. Stock footage from Storyblocks, Artgrid and Shutterstock. 00:00 Introduction 03:56 Animal Families 12:15 The First Family 23:00 What's The Point Of Family? 35:34 We Live In A Society </video> <video> What Did We Evolve To Eat? Description: Sign up for a 14-day free trial and enjoy all the amazing features MyHeritage has to offer: https://bit.ly/History_of_Humankind ------------------------------ Written by Samia Bouzid https://samiabouzid.com/ Art by the legendary Ettore Mazza: https://www.instagram.com/ettore.mazza/?hl=en Editing by Andrew Dixon Title editing by Manuel Rubio Fact checking by Lucy Timbrell Thanks to Briana Pobiner and Greg Wilson Mancilla Huge thanks to Bone Clones for their fantastic skull replicas. Check them out at https://boneclones.com/ Music from Silver Maple, Epidemic Sound and Artlist. Stock footage from Storyblocks, Artgrid and Shutterstock. 00:00 Introduction 04:40 Why Do We Eat What We Eat? 15:48 What Did We Eat? 25:57 Meat 38:09 Food For Thought SOURCES: Intro: https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/evidence-for-meat-eating-by-early-humans-103874273/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047248415000809 https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/evidence-for-meat-eating-by-early-humans-103874273/ https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2020.00025/full https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.210050 Part 1: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0057 https://royalsociety.org/news/2013/ancient-spiral-tooth-shark/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25181366/ https://www.pnas.org/doi/epdf/10.1073/pnas.1018259108 https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-030-28102-1_46 https://asm.org/articles/2017/september/the-leaf-cutter-ant-s-50-million-years-of-farming https://academic.oup.com/femsre/article/37/3/428/585200?login=false https://www.pomona.edu/administration/dining/health-wellness/macronutrients https://milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/botany/chapter/chapter-22-nutrition-and-nutrients/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26882/ https://organismalbio.biosci.gatech.edu/nutrition-transport-and-homeostasis/nutrition-needs-and-adaptations/ https://www.who.int/health-topics/micronutrients#tab=tab_1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7649403/ https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/15-1-digestive-systems/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19043049/ Part 2: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-0080.2007.00194.x http://www.nhc.ed.ac.uk/index.php?page=493.166 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7689778/ https://www.arch.ox.ac.uk/diet-all-seasons https://mnch.uoregon.edu/sites/default/files/2019-04/Animal%20Teeth%20and%20Skulls%20Handout.pdf https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-021-01757-3 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235423191_The_Placental_Mammal_Ancestor_and_the_Post-K-Pg_Radiation_of_Placentals https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316597928_Purgatorius https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/news/our-earliest-primate-ancestors-rapidly-spread-after-dinosaur-extinction https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.210050 https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0804159105#T2 https://pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu/explorationsbioanth/chapter/__unknown__-10/ https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.0710180105 https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0511296103 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12549-012-0093-5 Part 3: Interview with Briana Pobiner https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4163920/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364661317301122 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S004724841400044X https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00386-6 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482457/ https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1820177116 https://www.cmnh.org/pnas2015 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-020-1139-0 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2650119/ https://www.nature.com/articles/291577a0 https://geology.rutgers.edu/images/Publications_PDFS/Harmand_et_al_2015_short.pdf https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047248404001411 Part 4: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0131422 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1117620109 https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-023-05517-3 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2015.0164 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7253633/ https://www.nature.com/articles/nature16152 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9385136/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4163920/ https://www.nature.com/articles/nature24646 https://www.academia.edu/52604508/Climate_and_environmental_reconstruction_of_the_Epipaleolithic_Mediterranean_Levant_22_0_11_9_ka_cal_BP_Langgut_Cheddadi_Sharon_2021_QUATERNARY_SCIENCE_REVIEWS https://open.oregonstate.education/cultivatedplants/chapter/agriculture/ https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00438243.2011.624747 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7253633/ </video> <video> Why Didn't We Go Extinct 10 Million Years Ago? Description: Take a look at Manta Sleep here: https://tinyurl.com/4hy64evw and make sure to use the code HOH for 10% off your order. -------------- Written by Carys Phillips https://www.linkedin.com/in/carys-phillips-8122bb260?utm_source=share&utm_campaign=share_via&utm_content=profile&utm_medium=android_app Art by Ettore Mazza https://www.instagram.com/ettore.mazza/?hl=en Editing by Andrew Dixon Title editing by Manuel Rubio Fact checking by Amanda Rossillo Huge thanks to Bone Clones for their fantastic skull replicas. Check them out at https://boneclones.com/ Music from Silver Maple, Epidemic Sound and Artlist. Stock footage from Storyblocks, Artgrid and Shutterstock. 00:00 Introduction 06:00 Nothing Lasts Forever 14:09 Rise of The Planet of the Apes 26:23 Fall of The Planet of the Apes 40:18 Last Ape Standing Bibliography https://www.britannica.com/animal/Gigantopithecus https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/160106-science-evolution-apes-giant https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/planet-of-the-apes-2006-06/ Pugh, K.D., 2022. Phylogenetic analysis of Middle-Late Miocene apes. Journal of Human Evolution, 165, p.103140. https://nanoporetech.com/applications/dna-nanopore-sequencing 7 DeMiguel, D., Domingo, L., Sánchez, I.M., Casanovas-Vilar, I., Robles, J.M. and Alba, D.M., 2021. Palaeoecological differences underlie rare co-occurrence of Miocene European primates. BMC biology, 19(1), pp.1-15. DeMiguel, D., Alba, D.M. and Moyà-Solà, S., 2014. Dietary specialization during the evolution of Western Eurasian hominoids and the extinction of European great apes. PloS one, 9(5), p.e97442. Sevim-Erol, A., Begun, D.R., Yavuz, A., Tarhan, E., Sözer, Ç.S., Mayda, S., van den Hoek Ostende, L.W., Martin, R.M. and Alçiçek, M.C., 2023. A new ape from Türkiye and the radiation of late Miocene hominines. Communications Biology, 6(1), p.842. https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/australopithecus-afarensis von Koenigswald, G.H.R., 1952. Gigantopithecus blacki von Koenigswald, a giant fossil hominoid from the Pleistocene of Southern China. American Museum of Natural History. Gilbert, C et al. 2020. New Middle Miocene Ape (Primates: Hylobatidae) from Ramnagar, India fills major gaps in the hominoid fossil record. Proc. R. Soc. B.2872020165520201655 Richard E. Green et al. 2020. A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome. Science 328,710-722.DOI:10.1126/science.1188021 Noonan, J.P., 2010. Neanderthal genomics and the evolution of modern humans. Genome Research, 20(5), pp.547-553. Warren, M., 2018. Mum's a Neanderthal, Dad's a Denisovan: First discovery of an ancient-human hybrid. Nature, 560(7719), pp.417-419. Methner, K., Campani, M., Fiebig, J. et al. Middle Miocene long-term continental temperature change in and out of pace with marine climate records. Sci Rep 10, 7989 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64743-5 Frigola, A., Prange, M., and Schulz, M.: Boundary conditions for the Middle Miocene Climate Transition (MMCT v1.0), Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 1607–1626, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1607-2018, 2018. Goto, K.T., Tejada, M.L.G., Tajika, E. et al. Enhanced magmatism played a dominant role in triggering the Miocene Climatic Optimum. Commun Earth Environ 4, 21 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00684-x https://www.britannica.com/science/Oligocene-Epoch Kjær, K.H., Winther Pedersen, M., De Sanctis, B. et al. A 2-million-year-old ecosystem in Greenland uncovered by environmental DNA. Nature 612, 283–291 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05453-y Zhang, Y., Westaway, K.E., Haberle, S., Lubeek, J.K., Bailey, M., Ciochon, R., Morley, M.W., Roberts, P., Zhao, J.-X., Duval, M., Dosseto, A., Pan, Y., Rule, S., Liao, W., Gully, G.A., Lucas, M., Mo, J., Yang, L., Cai, Y., Wang, W., Joannes-Boyau, R., 2024. The demise of the giant ape Gigantopithecus blacki. Nature 625, 535–539. N. Spassov, D. Geraads, L. Hristova, G.N. Markov, G. Merceron, T. Tzankov, K. Stoyanov, M. Böhme, A. Dimitrova. A hominid tooth from Bulgaria: The last pre-human hominid of continental Europe. Journal of Human Evolution, 2012; 62 (1): 138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.10.008 https://apnews.com/article/neanderthals-denisovans-genetics-dna-disease-e49cb7d939cfe5d583e7ed0af8751784 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Extinction_intensity.svg https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/nov/18/where-did-other-human-species-go-vanished-ancestors-homo-sapiens-neanderthals-denisovans https://www.livescience.com/how-many-human-species.html https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/10/201015111729.htm </video> <video> Why Are Our Bodies So Badly Designed? Description: Claim your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: https://sponsr.is/magellantv_humankind. Start your free trial TODAY so you can watch Toumai, The Oldest Living Ancestor: https://www.magellantv.com/video/toumai-the-oldest-living-ancestor ---------------------------------- Written by Carys Phillips: https://www.linkedin.com/in/carys-phillips-8122bb260?utm_source=share&utm_campaign=share_via&utm_content=profile&utm_medium=android_app Art by the legendary Ettore Mazza: https://www.instagram.com/ettore.mazza/?hl=en Editing by Andrew Dixon Title editing by Manuel Rubio Fact checking by Amanda Rossillo Huge thanks to Bone Clones for their fantastic skull replicas. Check them out at https://boneclones.com/ Music from Silver Maple, Epidemic Sound and Artlist. Stock footage from Storyblocks, Artgrid and Shutterstock. 00:00 Introduction 04:13 Evolution is Messy 13:03 The Human Body Is A Mess 29:17 The Magnificent Human Body 41:16 The Future of Humanity </video> <video> Why Are We So Violent? Description: Play Call of War for FREE on PC or Mobile: 💥 https://play.callofwar.com/q5L6/HOHK001 Receive 13K GOLD & 1 month premium subscription, only available for the next 30 days! ------------------------- Written by Angela Wipperman Art by the legendary Ettore Mazza: https://www.instagram.com/ettore.mazza Editing by Andrew Dixon Title editing by Manuel Rubio Fact checking by Amanda Rossillo Huge thanks to Bone Clones for their fantastic skull replicas. Check them out at https://boneclones.com/ An extra special thanks to David W. Frayer and the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology for image permissions Music from Silver Maple, Epidemic Sound and Artlist. Stock footage from Storyblocks, Artgrid and Shutterstock. 00:00 Introduction 04:21 Animal Vs Animal 13:48 Human Vs Human 28:17 Our Violent Beginnings 36:43 Our Violent Ends </video> <video> What Was The Earth Like When Humanity Began? Description: Huge thanks to Bone Clones for their fantastic skull replicas. Get $20 off a purchase of $100 or more from https://boneclones.com/ using code HUMANKIND20 Don´t forget to subscribe - this is just the beginning. Written by Meaghan Wetherell Art by Ettore Mazza https://www.instagram.com/ettore.mazza/?hl=en Editing by Andrew Dixon Title editing by Manuel Rubio Fact checking by Amanda Rossillo Music from Silver Maple, Epidemic Sound and Artlist. Stock footage from Storyblocks, Artgrid and Shutterstock. References: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248416000294? https://humanorigins.si.edu/research/climate-and-human-evolution/climate-effects-human- https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/effects-of-climate-change-on-primate-evolution-141807385/ https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.1330520113 https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypothermia/symptoms-causes/syc-20352682#:~:text=Normal%20body%20temperature%20is%20around,95%20F%20(35%20C). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s003600000146 https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-related-deaths https://health.ucdavis.edu/news/headlines/wildfire-smoke-increases-inflammation-lung-disease-risk/2022/02 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4843928/ https://www.weather.gov/safety/heat-illness#:~:text=Heat%20Stroke,is%20a%20severe%20medical%20emergency. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4843928/ https://www.history.com/news/heat-wave-1911-weather-insane https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/news/2022/extreme-heat-us-linked-increased-number-deaths https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-95637-0_15 Godefroit 2009, Fiorillo 2004 https://www.climate.gov/news-features/climate-qa/whats-hottest-earths-ever-been https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/FTA_0001_-_Flooded_Bus_Barns_and_Buckled_Rails.pdf&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1690426935768537&usg=AOvVaw3d-SlFOUMeDXbGnnpEvXvS https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/underground-climate-change-is-weakening-buildings-in-slow-motion1/ https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40591-w https://arielschecklist.com/wbgt-chart/ https://www.weather.gov/news/211009-WBGT https://www.hillspet.com/dog-care/behavior-appearance/do-dogs-sweat? https://www.clivar.org/african-monsoon https://www.whoi.edu/fileserver.do?id=136084&pt=2&p=148709 https://skepticalscience.com/How-we-know-an-ice-age-isnt-just-around-the-corner.html https://phys.org/news/2022-10-climate-future.html https://www.ecoclimax.com/2016/04/average-annual-temperature.html Godefroit 2009 https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(21)00739-9 https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1712062114 https://www.paleo-co2.org/proxiesLeafCarbon https://www.paleo-co2.org/proxiesLeafGas https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2915/the-atmosphere-getting-a-handle-on-carbon-dioxide/#:~:text=What's%20in%20the%20Air%3F&text=By%20volume%2C%20the%20dry%20air,methane%2C%20nitrous%20oxide%20and%20ozone. https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/202307/history.cfm https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/202307/history.cfm&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1689794282463020&usg=AOvVaw3bFrekH9Nd6Pff2zSf_5ls https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00809-8 https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/202307/history.cfm https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/706450?casa_token=i2Bm0UMMB9cAAAAA%3Aq5vn7H8NOQLlmslRQ2uQhb6YxtSLKS_L3b3PHYnxKJ4iqa-JTxGqPwmrI0SUIGlS5l6ljxa7d8X4 https://www.timetravelturtle.com/messel-fossil-pit-germany/#:~:text=Messel%20Pit%20Fossil%20Site%2C%20Messel%2C%20Germany&text=The%20Messel%20Fossil%20Pit%20in,away%20into%20their%20current%20positions. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/biome/biotemperate.php https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/downloads/maps/nagdc/nagdc-population-landscape-climate-estimates-v3/place3-biomes-europe.jpg https://fossilbiasblog.com/2021/03/08/stone-swallows-and-bamboo-shoots-the-paleontology-of-shen-kuo-part-1/ https://adventuresmithexplorations.com/trips/antarctica/climate/#:~:text=The%20climate%20of%20Antarctica%20is,temperatures%20about%2014%20degrees%20F. https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2205326119#fig02 https://joidesresolution.org/about-the-jr/ https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/FTA_0001_-_Flooded_Bus_Barns_and_Buckled_Rails.pdf https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.372%2C$multiply_2.0728%2C$ratio_1.776119%2C$width_357%2C$x_0%2C$y_69/t_crop_custom/q_86%2Cf_auto/eedd3434b6b93c273a54ea83c67f6795ac8cb3d7 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0223307 https://www.e-education.psu.edu/earth103/node/639 https://www.monmouth.edu/uci/wp-content/uploads/sites/58/2021/03/Cultural-Resources-and-OA-Two-Pager.pdf 00:00 Introduction 03:42 How Hot Has Earth Been? 15:32 Hothouse/Coldhouse 27:19 Hothouse Humanity 36:40 What Froze The Earth? </video> <video> Do We Still Have Ape Brains? Description: Huge thanks to Bone Clones for their fantastic skull replicas. Get $20 off a purchase of $100 or more from https://boneclones.com/ using code HUMANKIND20 Don´t forget to subscribe - this is just the beginning. Written by Carys Phillips https://www.linkedin.com/in/carys-phillips-8122bb260?utm_source=share&utm_campaign=share_via&utm_content=profile&utm_medium=android_app Art by Ettore Mazza https://www.instagram.com/ettore.mazza/?hl=en Editing by Andrew Dixon Title editing by Manuel Rubio Fact checking by Amanda Rossillo Music from Silver Maple, Epidemic Sound and Artlist. Stock footage from Storyblocks, Artgrid and Shutterstock. 00:00 Introduction 03:22 The Devil´s Gospel 13:51 A Bigger Brain 31:06 Think Like An Ape 46:28 Brains </video> <video> Where Are You Really From? Description: Sign up for a 14-day free trial and enjoy all the amazing features MyHeritage has to offer: https://bit.ly/HistoryofHumankind If you decide to continue your subscription, you’ll get a 50% discount. -------------- Written by Carys Phillips https://www.linkedin.com/in/carys-phillips-8122bb260?utm_source=share&utm_campaign=share_via&utm_content=profile&utm_medium=android_app Art by the legendary Ettore Mazza: https://www.instagram.com/ettore.mazza/?hl=en Editing by Andrew Dixon Title editing by Manuel Rubio Fact checking by Amanda Rossillo Huge thanks to Bone Clones for their fantastic skull replicas. Check them out at https://boneclones.com/ Thank you to Erik R Seiffert and Dorien de Vries for additional image permissions. Music from Silver Maple, Epidemic Sound and Artlist. Stock footage from Storyblocks, Artgrid and Shutterstock. 00:00 Introduction 05:19 Ancient Migrations 17:41 An African Ape Gap? 25:18 Filling The Gap 35:25 What We Don´t Know </video> <video> How Did We Survive Armageddon? Description: Huge thanks to Bone Clones for their fantastic skull replicas. Get $20 off a purchase of $100 or more from https://boneclones.com/ using code HUMANKIND20 Don´t forget to subscribe - this is just the beginning. 00:00 Introduction 03:36 The First Primate 14:54 Doom From Space 27:38 How We Survived 35:05 Inheriting The Earth Written by Carys Phillips Art by Ettore Mazza https://www.instagram.com/ettore.mazza/?hl=en Editing by Andrew Dixon Title editing by Manuel Rubio Fact checking by Amanda Rossillo Music from Silver Maple, Epidemic Sound and Artlist. Stock footage from Storyblocks, Artgrid and Shutterstock. REFERENCES: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/last-day-dinosaurs-reign-captured-stunning-detail https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/share/MSRIHZNVM86PKB6VDI49?target=10.1002/2017GL074879 https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/the-end-of-dinosaurs-the-end-cretaceous-mass-extinction https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03170-7#:~:text=Mammals%20first%20appeared%20at%20least,into%20many%20forms%20and%20species. https://a-z-animals.com/blog/paleogene-period-animals-when-it-happened-and-major-events/ https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.210050 https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/121024-purgatorius-earliest-primate-evolution-science-squirrel </video> <video> How Many Missing Links Are There? Description: Go to https://mondly.app/hoh to get 96% off lifetime access to 41 languages and start learning today. ------------------------- Written by Lucy Timbrell Art by the legendary Ettore Mazza: https://www.instagram.com/ettore.mazza/?hl=en Editing by Andrew Dixon Title editing by Manuel Rubio Fact checking by Amanda Rossillo Huge thanks to Bone Clones for their fantastic skull replicas. Check them out at https://boneclones.com/ Special thanks to Adam J. Kuperavage and Robert B. Eckhardt, Charles R. Peterson and the Idaho Museum of Natural History, Grzegorz Niedzwiedzki and Marta Hodbod for image permissions. Music from Silver Maple, Epidemic Sound and Artlist. Stock footage from Storyblocks, Artgrid and Shutterstock. 00:00 Introduction 04:46 Why Do You Need A Missing Link? 15:26 How To Find A Missing Link 30:07 The Missing Links 42:12 Evolution Is Messy </video> <video> What Ate Us? Description: Huge thanks to Bone Clones for their fantastic skull replicas. Get $20 off a purchase of $100 or more from https://boneclones.com/ using code HUMANKIND20 Don´t forget to subscribe - this is just the beginning. Written by Meaghan Wetherell Art by Ettore Mazza https://www.instagram.com/ettore.mazza/?hl=en Editing by Andrew Dixon Title editing by Manuel Rubio Fact checking by Amanda Rossillo Music from Silver Maple, Epidemic Sound and Artlist. Stock footage from Storyblocks, Artgrid and Shutterstock. References: Ruff, Christopher B. "Climate and body shape in hominid evolution." Journal of Human Evolution 21.2 (1991): 81-105. Grabowski, Mark, et al. "Body mass estimates of hominin fossils and the evolution of human body size." Journal of Human Evolution 85 (2015): 75-93. Soligo, Christophe. "Correlates of body mass evolution in primates." American Journal of Physical Anthropology: The Official Publication of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists 130.3 (2006): 283-293. Njau, Jackson K., and Robert J. Blumenschine. "Crocodylian and mammalian carnivore feeding traces on hominid fossils from FLK 22 and FLK NN 3, Plio-Pleistocene, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania." Journal of Human Evolution 63.2 (2012): 408-417. Fourvel, Jean-Baptiste, et al. "Taphonomic interpretations of a new Plio-Pleistocene hominin-bearing assemblage at Kromdraai (Gauteng, South Africa)." Quaternary Science Reviews 190 (2018): 81-97. Hoare 2019 "The possible role of predator–prey dynamics as an influence on early hominin use of burned landscapes." Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 28.6 (2019): 295-302. McGrew, 2014 "The ‘other faunivory’revisited: Insectivory in human and non-human primates and the evolution of human diet." Journal of human evolution 71 (2014): 4-11. Lesnik, Julie J. "Termites in the hominin diet: A meta-analysis of termite genera, species and castes as a dietary supplement for South African robust australopithecines." Journal of human evolution 71 (2014): 94-104. Backwell, Lucinda R., and Francesco d'Errico. "Evidence of termite foraging by Swartkrans early hominids." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98.4 (2001): 1358-1363. Melor and Elton 2012. "The evolutionary history and palaeo-ecology of primate predation: Macaca sylvanus from Plio-Pleistocene Europe as a case study." Folia primatologica 83.3-6 (2012): 216-235. Paine, 2018 "Grass leaves as potential hominin dietary resources." Journal of Human Evolution 117 (2018): 44-52. Pobiner 2020 "The zooarchaeology and paleoecology of early hominin scavenging." Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 29.2 (2020): 68-82. Conard 2020 "A 300,000-year-old throwing stick from Schöningen, northern Germany, documents the evolution of human hunting." Nature Ecology & Evolution 4.5 (2020): 690-693. Stanford, 1995 "Chimpanzee hunting behavior and human evolution." American Scientist 83.3 (1995): 256-261. Thompson 2019 "Origins of the human predatory pattern: the transition to large-animal exploitation by early hominins." Current Anthropology 60.1 (2019): 1-23. Smithsonian - Top 10 deadliest animals of our evolutionary history https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-top-ten-deadliest-animals-of-our-evolutionary-past-18257965/ Thieme, 1997 "Lower Palaeolithic hunting spears from Germany." Nature 385.6619 (1997): 807-810. Treves and Palmqvist 2007. "Reconstructing hominin interactions with mammalian carnivores (6.0–1.8 Ma)." Primate anti-predator strategies (2007): 355-381. Ungar and Sponheimer 2011 "The diets of early hominins." science 334.6053 (2011): 190-193. 00:00 Introduction 04:00 What Eats What? 11:39 What Did We Eat? 21:45 What Ate Us? 34:04 Breaking The Chain </video> <video> Why Us? Description: Get all sides to every story at https://ground.news/hoh and context into the narratives that shape current events and our history. Save 50% off unlimited access through my link. --------------------- Written by Carys Phillips: https://www.linkedin.com/in/carys-phillips-8122bb260?utm_source=share&utm_campaign=share_via&utm_content=profile&utm_medium=android_app Art by the legendary Ettore Mazza: https://www.instagram.com/ettore.mazza/?hl=en Editing by Andrew Dixon Narrated by David Kelly Title editing by Manuel Rubio Fact checking by Amanda Rossillo Huge thanks to Bone Clones for their fantastic skull replicas. Check them out at https://boneclones.com/ Music from Silver Maple, Epidemic Sound and Artlist. Stock footage from Storyblocks, Artgrid and Shutterstock. 00:00 Introduction 04:26 Of Mice And Men 21:24 The Secret of Apes 34:04 A Helping Hand 50:53 Why Not Them? </video>

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