Channel Title: Martian Colonist Channel Description: When will the first humans reach Mars? What will it take to build a settlement there? I'm Ryan, an exoplanet researcher at the Carl Sagan Institute, Cornell University, and a passionate advocate of Mars exploration and settlement. On this channel, you'll find updates on human missions to Mars (Mars Mission Updates), as well as videos on exoplanet science and human spaceflight. <video> Mars Bunker: The Fermi Paradox Description: Dr. Ryan MacDonald welcomes Prof. David Kipping, Assistant Professor of Astronomy at Columbia University and creator of the Cool Worlds YouTube channel (https://www.youtube.com/coolworldslab) to the Mars Bunker. They will discuss the connection between missions to Mars and the Fermi paradox, while answering your questions LIVE on air. </video> <video> Mars Bunker: Bringing the World to Mars Description: Dr. Ryan MacDonald welcomes Diana Alsindy, a Propulsion Development Engineer at Virgin Orbit and creator of 'The Arabian Stargazer', to the Mars Bunker. They will discuss how to engage and involve the whole world in missions to Mars. All while answering your questions LIVE on air. </video> <video> When will Alien Life be Found on Exoplanets? Description: How long will it be before we find alien life on exoplanets? Exoplanet astronomer Dr. Ryan MacDonald explains how biosignatures can be found in exoplanet atmospheres. He also reveals how the discovery of the first close-in planet around a white dwarf could dramatically accelerate the hunt for alien life beyond the solar system with the James Webb Space Telescope. ***** Chapters ***** 0:00 - Introduction 1:15 - Worlds Beyond Earth 2:26 - Early Exoplanet Discoveries 4:10 - Transiting Exoplanets 5:26 - Transmission Spectroscopy 6:24 - Exoplanet Atmospheres 9:15 - The James Webb Space Telescope 10:33 - Signatures of Life on Earth 14:57 - Exoplanet Biosignatures 16:34 - The Small Star Opportunity 17:52 - Case Study: TRAPPIST-1 19:44 - When Stars Die 20:51 - White Dwarfs 22:27 - The Discovery of WD 1856b 24:04 - Earth-like Planets Around White dwarfs 25:10 - The White Dwarf Opportunity ***** Animations and media ***** Most animations and graphics used here were produced by NASA, ESA, and ESO. Special thanks to Jack Madden for producing the renders of an Earth-like planet around a white dwarf. ***** Music ***** All credit to Aakash Gandhi for creating the two inspirational tracks included in this video and for releasing them into the public domain. ----- Further information ----- ● 'Revealing the Nature of Exoplanetary Atmospheres' (my PhD thesis): https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/297844 ● 'The Astrobiology Primer v2.0': https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/ast.2015.1460 ● 'How to Characterize Habitable Worlds and Signs of Life': https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-astro-082214-122238 (free open access): https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1911/1911.05597.pdf ● 'Exoplanet Biosignatures: A Review of Remotely Detectable Signs of Life': https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/ast.2017.1729 ● 'The White Dwarf Opportunity: Robust Detections of Molecules in Earth-like Exoplanet Atmospheres with the James Webb Space Telescope': https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aba9d3 (free open access): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.07274.pdf ● 'A giant planet candidate transiting a white dwarf': https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2713-y (free open access): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.07282.pdf ● 'Atmospheric Retrieval of Exoplanets' (Martian Colonist video): https://youtu.be/ZnLg4YFMfDQ #Exoplanet #AlienLife #JWST </video> <video> Mars Mission Update: December 2019 Description: Aspiring Martian Colonist and Exoplanet Researcher Ryan MacDonald covers the progress made towards sending people to Mars in the 2010s, the greatest scientific discoveries on the red planet this decade, and the changing perception of crewed Mars missions in society. -----Further information and links----- *Ryan's PhD thesis on exoplanet atmospheres: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/297844 *NASA's Mars Design Reference Architecture 5.0 (NASA): https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/373665main_NASA-SP-2009-566.pdf *ISS One Year Mission (NASA): https://www.nasa.gov/1ym *'The NASA Twins Study: A multidimensional analysis of a year-long human spaceflight' (Science): https://science.sciencemag.org/content/364/6436/eaau8650 *'Background levels of methane in Mars’ atmosphere show strong seasonal variations' (Science): https://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6393/1093 *'No detection of methane on Mars from early ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter observations' (Nature): https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1096-4 *'SHARAD detection and characterization of subsurface water ice deposits in Utopia Planitia, Mars' (Geophysical Research Letters): https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016GL070138 *'Exposed subsurface ice sheets in the Martian mid-latitudes' (Science): https://science.sciencemag.org/content/359/6372/199 *'Radar evidence of subglacial liquid water on Mars' (Science): https://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6401/490 -----Animations + Video----- Various sources, links available upon request. This month's intro graphic is inspired by SpaceX's 2016 Starship animation, just prior to Martian atmosphere entry. </video> <video> Mars Bunker: Building a Starship Description: Dr. Ryan MacDonald welcomes Felix Schlang, creator and host of the space news channel 'What about it!?' (https://www.youtube.com/whataboutit), to the Mars Bunker. They will discuss the incredible progress of SpaceX's Starship program and what we can look forward to in the upcoming tests. All while answering your questions LIVE on air. </video> <video> Mars Mission Update: June 2020 Description: The successful Commercial Crew launch by SpaceX and NASA has forever changed spaceflight. Now, for the first time, there is a clear path to sending humans to Mars. Aspiring Martian Colonist Dr. Ryan MacDonald charts the course towards the first human missions to the Red Planet. ***** Chapters ***** 0:00 - Introduction 1:16 - Commercial spaceflight 8:27 - SpaceX's Starship 12:30 - Early Starship prototypes 13:38 - Boca Chica Starship assembly site 16:14 - Starship program recap (Jan 2020 - June 2020) 20:34 - Future Starship goals 22:32 - The Artemis Program 25:55 - Artemis Human Landing Systems 27:18 - SpaceX Starship Lunar Campaign 29:29 - Colonising the Moon 35:24 - SpaceX Mars Mission Plans 38:35 - Colonising Mars ***** Animations and media ***** Many thanks go to the following content creators whose work features in this video: ► BocaChicaGal + NASASpaceFlight: https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/ ► Roger Bootsma (SpaceXVision): https://spacexvision.com/ ► Caspar Stanley (stanley creative): https://www.youtube.com/StanleyCreative ► Dale Rutherford: https://twitter.com/Dtrford https://www.instagram.com/dale_rutherford_3d/ ► Hazegrayart: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCh2dnrLCNHDS2IV9I2R58Pw ► Nick Henning ​ @What about it!? : https://www.nickhenning3d.com/ https://www.youtube.com/whataboutit ► Alex Rex: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5U1xHi94RkhHgjvaSf7QHw ► RGV Aerial Photography: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQbKe0RZ62u47TZ8vmKNnRA ► And many various animations from NASA, SpaceX, etc. This update's thumbnail was inspired by a rendering of SpaceX's Crew Dragon by Dale Rutherford. ***** Music ***** All credit to Aakash Gandhi for creating the two inspirational tracks included in this video and for releasing them into the public domain. ***** Community Acknowledgements ***** Special thanks to AnotherSpaceNut, Faulx, and tuxer for helpful discussions during the production of this video. If you would like to join the Martian Colonist Discord community, please reach out on Twitter @MartianColonist. ----- Further information ----- ● Crew Dragon launch day recording (NASA / SpaceX): https://youtu.be/pMsvr55cTZ0 ● ‘After troubled first flight, Boeing will refly Starliner without crew’ (Ars Technica): https://arstechnica.com/science/2020/04/after-troubled-first-flight-boeing-will-refly-starliner-without-crew/ ● ‘NASA's Commercial Crew Program is a Fantastic Deal’ (The Planetary Society): https://www.planetary.org/blogs/casey-dreier/2020/nasas-commercial-crew-is-a-great-deal-for-the-agency.html ● ‘NASA calculated how risky SpaceX's first launch of humans could be, and the astronauts flying the space mission say they're 'really comfortable' with those odds’ (Business Insider): https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-spacex-crew-dragon-loss-crew-mission-failure-chances-probability-2020-5 ● Commercial Crew Transportation System Certification Requirements for NASA Low Earth Orbit Missions (NASA): https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/504982main_CCTSCR_Dec-08_Basic_Web.pdf ● Space Adventures: https://spaceadventures.com/ ● Axiom Space: https://www.axiomspace.com/ ● Starship payload guide (SpaceX): https://www.spacex.com/sites/spacex/files/starship_users_guide_v1.pdf ● LUVOIR mission concept (NASA): https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/luvoir/ ● ‘The Large UV / Optical / Infrared Surveyor (LUVOIR): Telling the Story of Life in the Universe’ (Astro2020 White Paper): http://surveygizmoresponseuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/fileuploads/623127/5043187/254-482488fe8621a9a6bd43e513c4e38a7f_RobergeAki.pdf ● ‘SpaceX’s Starship underwent a Rapid Unscheduled Disassembly—we do mean rapid’ (Ars Technica): https://arstechnica.com/science/2020/05/spacexs-starship-underwent-a-rapid-unscheduled-disassembly-we-do-mean-rapid/ ● ‘Inside Elon Musk’s plan to build one Starship a week—and settle Mars’ (Ars Technica): https://arstechnica.com/science/2020/03/inside-elon-musks-plan-to-build-one-starship-a-week-and-settle-mars/ ● ‘NASA’s Plan for Sustained Lunar Exploration and Development’ (NASA): https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/a_sustained_lunar_presence_nspc_report4220final.pdf ● ‘New VIPER Lunar Rover to Map Water Ice on the Moon’ (NASA): https://www.nasa.gov/feature/new-viper-lunar-rover-to-map-water-ice-on-the-moon ● Lunar Terrain Vehicle (LTV) Request for Information (NASA): https://beta.sam.gov/opp/46cd587dcba34a8e96792f26d3c7a8d8/view ● ‘Conceptual Ideas for Radio Telescope on the Far Side of the Moon’ (IEEE): https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8396801/figures#figures ● ‘Announcing Publication of “Mars Colonies: Plans for Settling the Red Planet”’ (Mars Society) https://www.marssociety.org/news/2020/01/29/announcing-publication-of-mars-colonies-plans-for-settling-the-red-planet/ ● Mars City State Design Competition (Mars Society): https://citystate.marssociety.org/ </video> <video> Mars Bunker: Surviving on Mars Description: Dr. Ryan MacDonald welcomes Cody Reeder, science experimenter extraordinaire and creator of Cody's Lab (https://www.youtube.com/theCodyReeder), to the Mars Bunker. They will discuss the skills we will need to master to survive and become self-sufficient on Mars, while answering your questions LIVE on air. </video> <video> Mars Bunker: Isolation Begins Description: Aspiring Martian Colonist and Exoplanet Researcher Dr. Ryan MacDonald discusses his first week in the Mars Bunker, and answers your questions LIVE on air. </video> <video> Mars Bunker Announcement Description: Aspiring Martian Colonist and Exoplanet Researcher Dr. Ryan MacDonald has a special announcement for the extraordinary times we now live in. </video> <video> Mars Mission Update: October 2019 Description: Aspiring Martian Colonist and Exoplanet Researcher Ryan MacDonald discusses SpaceX's latest Starship design, their future plans, and the where and why of landing humans on Mars. Prospects for using 3D printing, bioregenerative life support, and new surface exploration suits to support human Mars missions are also investigated. Interested in a Martian Colonist Discord channel? Please fill in this form to let me know! https://forms.gle/qK1xCx2rBZ1T3zDF7 -----Further information and links----- *Elon Musk's 'Starship update' 2019 (SpaceX): https://youtu.be/sOpMrVnjYeY *SpaceX candidate Mars landing sites (HiRISE): https://www.uahirise.org/results.php?keyword=spacex&order=release_date&submit=Search *Project SWIM: https://swim.psi.edu/ *'The Dusty Plains of Arcadia Planitia' (WeMartians Podcast): https://www.wemartians.com/episode064/ *'SpaceX is eyeing these 9 places on Mars for landing its first Starship rocket missions' (Business Insider): https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-starship-mars-landing-sites-map-hirise-2019-9 *NASA's 3D Printed Habitat-Challenge: https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/centennial_challenges/3DPHab/index.html *AI Space Factory: https://www.aispacefactory.com/ *HASSELL Mars habitat despription: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIrH01N9AsE *'Lunar Palace 1: China's One-Year Mock Moon Mission in Pictures' (Space.com): https://www.space.com/40610-china-mock-moon-mission-lunar-palace-1-photos.html *NASA Spacesuit RFI (NASA): https://www.fbo.gov/index.php?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=6fc7097d4b5b5e738a66ac8e65072105&tab=core&tabmode=list&= -----Animations + Video----- Various sources, links available upon request. This month's intro graphic is inspired by a SpaceX render of Starship entering the upper Martian atmosphere. </video> <video> Mars Bunker: Space Food Description: Dr. Ryan MacDonald welcomes Morgan Irons, Founder and Chief Science Officer of Deep Space Ecology Inc., to the Mars Bunker. Growing food in space and on the red planet will be discussed, while answering your questions LIVE on air. -----Further information and links----- *Ferl, R. and Paul, A. (2016). The effect of spaceflight on the gravity-sensing auxin gradient of roots: GFP reporter gene microscopy on orbit. npj Microgravity 2:15023. https://doi.org/10.1038/npjmgrav.2015.23 *Musgrave, M.E., Kuang, A., Tuominen, L.K., Levine, L.H., and Morrow, R.C. (2005). Seed storage reserves and glucosinolates in Brassica rapa L. grown on the International Space Station. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 130(6):848-56. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.130.6.848 *Tepfer, D., Zalar, A., and Leach, S. (2012). Survival of plant seeds, their UV screens, and nptII DNA for 18 months outside the International Space Station. Astrobiology 12(5): 517-528. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2011.0744 *Weeks, K.R., Veenstra, S.C., Hill, D.L., and Gregson, B.P. (2003). A study of treatment options to remediate explosives and perchlorate in soils and groundwater at Camp Edwards, Massachusetts. Remediation Journal 13(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.10068 Morgan Iron's patent: Irons, M. (2018). U.S. Patent No. 9,970,208. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. *CES & Astrobiology Timelines (Compiled and created by Morgan Irons): https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iwFn_rADINkfxW-yo43X3HotfYLAm4Q7/view?usp=sharing *Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: Ecosystems and Their Services https://www.millenniumassessment.org/documents/document.300.aspx.pdf *The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (2019): http://www.fao.org/3/ca5162en/ca5162en.pdf *The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations’ 10 Elements of Agroecology: http://www.fao.org/3/i9037en/I9037EN.pdf *CSA Astronaut Chris Hadfield wringing out water on the ISS: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8TssbmY-GM </video> <video> Mars Bunker: Preparing for Mars Description: Dr. Ryan MacDonald welcomes Artemis Westenberg - President of Explore Mars Inc. (2010-2019); CapCom, Mission Director, and crew member at the Mars Desert Research Station; and long-term advocate of human Mars missions - to the Mars Bunker. They will discuss our collective efforts to prepare for the first crewed missions to Mars, while answering your questions LIVE on air. </video> <video> Mars Mission Update: June 2021 Description: The Starship vehicle is poised to revolutionise human spaceflight. With SpaceX and NASA working together to develop Starship for the Artemis Program, our ambitions in space have profoundly changed. Aspiring Martian Colonist Dr Ryan MacDonald charts the course towards the first human missions to the Red Planet. ***** Chapters ***** 0:00 - Introduction 1:20 - SpaceX Starship Overview 4:00 - Early Starship Hardware 5:00 - Starbase Boca Chica Begins 5:33 - Cryogenic Tests & Static Fires 8:06 - Starship Low-Altitude Flights 9:09 - Starship High-Altitude Flights 15:10 - Future of the Starship Program 15:50 - Super Heavy Construction 16:52 - Orbital Starship Design 17:49 - Orbital Starship Launch Profile 18:42 - Starbase Orbital Flight Preparations 19:11 - Starship Program Timeline (2020 - 2021) 20:05 - Starship Sea Launch Platforms 21:45 - Human Spaceflight Overview 22:39 - Commercial Astronaut Flights 25:17 - Artemis Program Overview 26:04 - Artemis I Updates 27:02 - Artemis II & Artemis III 29:40 - Lunar Starship Timeline (2022 - 2024) 32:27 - Starship Mars Missions 34:08 - Human Mars Mission Timeline (2024 - 2029) 34:35 - New 2021 Mars Missions 35:11 - Mars Hope (UAE) 37:33 - Tianwen-1 (China) 38:27 - Zhurong Rover (China) 39:37 - Perseverance Rover (USA) 42:31 - Ingenuity Helicopter (USA) 45:16 - Mars Sample Return 47:42 - Final Thoughts ***** Animations and media ***** Special thanks go to Owe, the SpaceX 3D Creation Eccentric, for the new Martian Colonist logo! Many thanks go to the following content creators, whose work features in this video: ► Alexander Svan: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCFtAc_KRuj4mrr0bVMZMn2w ► BocaChicaGal + NASASpaceFlight: https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSUu1lih2RifWkKtDOJdsBA ► Caspar Stanley (Stanley Creative): https://www.youtube.com/StanleyCreative ► C-Bass Productions: https://www.youtube.com/c/CbassProductions ► Charles Brothers: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVmFHH326XBzF2ZATO0RzrQ ► Cosmic Perspective: https://cosmicperspective.com/ https://www.youtube.com/cosmicperspective ► Csaba Molnár: https://renderhell.com ► Dale Rutherford: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzyF403nUIHskojgQ7n28_A ► DeepSpaceCourier: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHdi4L0qHu8wgVFt9Of3G1g ► ErcX Space + smallstars https://www.youtube.com/ercxspace https://www.youtube.com/smallstars ► Evan Karen: https://www.youtube.com/c/evankaren ► Everday Astronaut: https://www.youtube.com/everydayastronaut ► Hazegrayart: https://www.youtube.com/hazegrayart ► John Winkopp: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKupV958nO8EPY63rm8FCrQ ► LabPadre: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCFwMITSkc1Fms6PoJoh1OUQ ► Matt Ryan: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0oP_hNkRB1ix63bDIhzi2A ► Nick Henning: https://www.nickhenning3d.com/ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0k6WvuPJUp7BKkbCOjefsg ► Owe (Spacex 3D Creation Eccentric): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRqNQqEW4nKlZ9A0Lpfxo6g ► Roger Bootsma (SpaceXVision): https://spacexvision.com/ ► Spaceport3D: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHwwg1Na_dn0YaLqd2xY_pQ ► Spadre: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDkP5NWUhfHXZNhcGr2G2pQ ► + Various animations from NASA, SpaceX, etc. This update's thumbnail was inspired by the official NASA / SpaceX rendering of the 2021 Lunar Starship design. ***** Music ***** 'The Travelling Symphony' by Savfk is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0): https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ***** Community Acknowledgements ***** Many thanks to Faulx and tuxer for helpful discussions during the production of this video. If you would like to join the Martian Colonist Discord community, please reach out to @MartianColonist on Twitter. </video> <video> Will NASA Ever Send People to Mars? Description: 50 years on from the Apollo 11 Moon landing, NASA still appears decades away from sending people to Mars. Is a 21st century Apollo-style project necessary to reach Mars, or could there be another way? When might the first people land on the red planet? On the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 landing, aspiring Martian Colonist Ryan MacDonald hosted a special live stream to answer your questions about the next giant leap in human spaceflight. -----Further information and links----- *Artemis program background (NASA): https://www.nasa.gov/specials/moon2mars/ *’NASA’s full Artemis plan revealed: 37 launches and a lunar outpost’ (Ars Technica) https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/05/nasas-full-artemis-plan-revealed-37-launches-and-a-lunar-outpost/ *’NASA picks three companies to attempt Moon landings in 2020 and 2021’ (Ars Technica): https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/05/nasa-picks-three-companies-to-attempt-moon-landings-in-2020-and-2021/ *’Bridenstine estimates Artemis cost at $20–30 billion’ (SpaceNews): https://spacenews.com/bridenstine-estimates-artemis-cost-at-20-30-billion/ *Blue Moon: https://www.blueorigin.com/blue-moon *’Blue Moon: Here's How Blue Origin's New Lunar Lander Works’ (Space.com) https://www.space.com/blue-origin-blue-moon-lander-explained.html *’Evaluation of a Human Mission to Mars by 2033’ (Independent report): https://www.ida.org/idamedia/Corporate/Files/Publications/STPIPubs/2019/D-10510.pdf *'Space Colonization Using Space-Elevators from Phobos': https://space.nss.org/media/2003-Space-Colonization-Using-Space-Elevators-From-Phobos.pdf -----Animations + Video----- Various sources, links available upon request. </video> <video> Mars Bunker: Martian Ice Description: Dr. Ryan MacDonald welcomes Dr. Ali Bramson, a planetary scientist with expertise in spacecraft remote sensing of ice on other worlds, to the Mars Bunker. They will discuss how to find ice on Mars, the properties of Martian ice, and the importance of ice deposits for human expeditions to the Red Planet. All while answering your questions LIVE on air. </video>

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Description

When will the first humans reach Mars? What will it take to build a settlement there?

I'm Ryan, an exoplanet researcher at the Carl Sagan Institute, Cornell University, and a passionate advocate of Mars exploration and settlement.

On this channel, you'll find updates on human missions to Mars (Mars Mission Updates), as well as videos on exoplanet science and human spaceflight.

Videos from channel