Channel Title: Yale Medicine Channel Description: Yale Medicine is the clinical practice of the Yale School of Medicine. We are the largest academic multispecialty practice in New England. Our patients receive care from some of the world’s most renowned doctors. Our more than 1,400 doctors play multiple roles in advancing their fields – from treating and caring for patients, to developing new cures through innovative research, to educating future doctors. All of our content with spoken dialogue are fully captioned. <video> Meet Urologist Wei Shen Tan, MD, PhD, FRCS Description: For more information on Dr. Tan or #YaleMedicine, visit: https://www.yalemedicine.org/specialists/weishen-tan. Wei Shen Tan, MD, PhD, is a urologic oncologist who treats bladder, prostate, and kidney cancer. Dr. Tan says he was drawn to his specialty because of the variety of conditions and treatments it offers. “We treat patients with surgery but also with medications and other treatments,” he says. “Surgery is one of the treatment options available, particularly with urologic cancers.” When working with patients, Dr. Tan says he customizes care to their needs. “My task is to guide patients from cancer diagnosis to giving them the information they need so that we can make a joint decision in how to approach their care and move forward,” he says. “My preferred approach if we are going with surgical treatment, is minimally invasive robotic surgery, where possible. This allows the patient to recover much quicker and get on with their lives.” Recognizing that cancer is a difficult diagnosis for patients to accept, Dr. Tan says he makes it a priority to be frank with them and offer realistic expectations. “I make sure I fully explain their treatment options and customize the information for them,” he says. Dr. Tan’s research focuses on bladder cancer, including optimizing ways to investigate patients for cancer, characterization of cancer to allow a personalized approach and well as novel therapies. “I’m interested in tailoring treatments appropriately to minimize overtreatment and provide the best care for them,” he says. </video> <video> Meet Orthopedic Surgeon Elie Mansour, MD Description: For more information on Dr. Mansour or #YaleMedicine, visit: https://www.yalemedicine.org/specialists/elie-mansour. Elie Mansour, MD, is an orthopaedic surgeon who specializes in hip and knee replacement and reconstruction. He is also trained in sports medicine. Dr. Mansour, who grew up in Lebanon, says he was always interested in biomechanics and began to consider medicine and specifically orthopaedic surgery after his father broke his elbow in an accident. “My father became partially disabled. I was only 10 at the time, but later, it got me to think about what was done for him and how things could have been handled better,” he says. Specializing in hip and knee replacement and reconstruction is incredibly rewarding, Dr. Mansour says. “It’s very satisfying to have the ability to change the lives of people who are really in need of help with a single surgery. Hip and knee replacement surgeries give patients the chance to do things they maybe couldn’t do for a long time,” he says. “Oftentimes, it’s grandparents who are willing to be active and involved again with their grandchildren. There’s nothing better than seeing a patient walk out of your clinic after surgery, especially when before surgery they were using walking aides and were very limited in their mobility.” When working with patients, Dr. Mansour says he first listens to their needs and expectations. “It’s always a shared decision-making. I propose what I think would be the best option for them and then we can proceed with whatever they choose. This can be a surgical treatment, either manual or robotic, or even a conservative approach to their complaint avoiding surgery,” he says. As a former professional volleyball player, Dr. Mansour says his experience as an athlete and his fellowship in sports medicine give him a unique appreciation for athletic injuries. “Sometimes, patients don’t need a replacement surgery. My training helps me differentiate pain that is generated from a muscular or soft tissue problem instead of a joint or bone problem,” he says. Dr. Mansour speaks English, French, and Arabic, and works to ensure his patients understand their options and feel confident in their care plan. “My goal is simple: to help people live better, pain-free lives,” he says. Dr. Mansour’s research interests include periprosthetic joint infection management and prevention. He also has published work on total joint replacement in patients who have had prior kidney or liver transplants. </video> <video> Understanding the Role of Dopamine in Parkinson's Disease - Yale Medicine Explains Description: For more information on Parkinson's or #YaleMedicine, visit: https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/parkinsons-disease. The number of Americans living with Parkinson's disease is estimated to be about 930,000. There is currently no cure for this neurodegenerative disorder, but medications, exercise, and diet changes can help manage symptoms. While a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is unquestionably upsetting, "you can still live many years without a disability," says Yale Medicine neurologist Sule Tinaz, MD. Patients at the Yale Medicine Movement Disorders Program have access to the most advanced treatments and clinical trials for Parkinson’s disease. Their symptoms are thoroughly assessed before doctors create a treatment plan that will give them a good quality of life for as long as possible. Clinicians also understand that effective care goes beyond medication and surgery. Each doctor at the practice devotes considerable time to educating patients and caregivers. -- - Dopamine is like the oil of the human body machine. It helps us to move smoothly and with purpose and with normal rhythm and cadence. By the time somebody develops Parkinson's disease, many of the brain cells in an area of the brain called the substantia nigra have died or are not functioning properly. These are the brain cells that really produce the brain chemical dopamine that is so vital and without dopamine, we start to get many of the motor symptoms of the disease. - So early in the disease we can have some digestive issues because dopamine is also in charge of the motility of the system. We can have some gait imbalances issues because dopamine is also involved in that. We can have some problems with the blood pressure because dopamine is also in charge of blood pressure, heart rate, etc. Dopamine doesn't only affect the motor activity of the body, it affects everything. - Parkinson's disease is currently a clinical diagnosis. People have, first and foremost, the slowness of movement or a small illness in their movement. They need to have a change in their movement and then we pair that with things like stiffness on examination or with tremor, mainly when people have their limbs at rest. We do have multidisciplinary care here at Yale and in our clinics patients can be evaluated by a movement disorder specialist. But also the multidisciplinary team that includes social work to address things like their mental health or their needs at home. - And this is what we have here in the Center of Neuromodulation and the Mood Disorders Center in the Department of Neurology. We work together, so we have meetings twice a week. We see patients together and we only do it in order to get the best result for the patients. - Because the disease can be so individualized and people may have many different symptoms, the care also has to be super individualized. The therapies that we have for Parkinson's disease are really incredible. Usually we would do surgeries, like the brain stimulation surgeries, only when medication fails. Now we know that the sooner you have the brain stimulation surgery, the better the patients will do and there's also some theories that maybe shows that if you do deep brain stimulation surgery early in the disease, you might be able to postpone the progression of the disease. This simulation inhibits the activity of this specific area and by that we can almost make the tremors go away, the rigidity, and we can reduce the medication dose and avoiding side effects by that. - We are on the path to try and find the cure for Parkinson's disease, something that stops or slows down the progression. So before they're stiff or they're slow or they have tremor, people will describe having many years of constipation or poor sense of smell or maybe they act out their dreams and these are symptoms that we think precede the onset and may give us a clue that someone may develop Parkinson's disease and if we have these signs, and maybe we can intervene and prevent them from developing Parkinson's disease. - How could we inhibit the progression of the disease? So we know that dopamine is missing, right? We know exactly what is the gene that is making dopamine. We did the gene therapy surgery. We implanted the gene to the GPI, which is another in the brain with the gene for dopamine. We were hoping that by implanting the gene for dopamine, the brain will be able to reproduce dopamine again. This is one step forward, maybe hopefully to to cure Parkinson's. - And clinical trials about our theories of what could slow down disease progression or stop disease in its tracks is going to be the only way we find that that cure for Parkinson's disease. That's our holy grail of research, and we hope to get there. </video> <video> Meet Physiatrist J. Christian Belisario, DO, MS Description: For more information on Dr. Belisario or #YaleMedicine, visit: https://www.yalemedicine.org/specialists/jchristian-belisario. J. Christian Belisario, DO, MS, is a board-certified physiatrist, or a specialist in physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), and is fellowship-trained in sports medicine. Dr. Belisario focuses on the diagnosis and nonoperative treatment of sports-related injuries and other musculoskeletal injuries and conditions in both athletes and non-athletes. As an active person himself, Dr. Belisario says he has sustained various injuries that have required rehabilitation. “I can relate to patients and truly understand what it means to recover from an injury and return to doing the things that keep oneself healthy and happy,” he says. “It is a very rewarding experience to help patients get better and reach their goals.” Dr. Belisario has training in musculoskeletal ultrasound and offers various treatments, including ultrasound-guided injections. “I like to take my time and formulate a collaborative, comprehensive, and realistic care plan with my patients based on their individual and unique goals to optimize their function and quality of life. I also like to promote my patients’ well-being and work with them on injury prevention ” he says. </video> <video> Lifestyle Interventions for Weight Management - Yale Medicine Explains Description: For more information on The Yale Center for Weight Management or #YaleMedicine, visit: https://www.yalemedicine.org/departments/center-for-weight-management. A healthy lifestyle can really help our physical well-being and prevent major chronic medical conditions like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, cardiac disease and obesity. The Yale Center for Weight Management has registered dietitians, physicians, mental health expert and exercise physiologists which assist in making lifestyle changes that are not just for now, but for life. Lifestyle interventions only allow for a fairly modest amount of weight loss, about 3 to 4% on average. It can be frustrating to patients, you know, when they hit that plateau and, you know, don't see that reflection on the scale. But a lot of times with weight loss is a mixture of muscle gain and fat loss. So the health benefits of this are far greater than what the scale might suggest. By understanding that obesity is a multifactorial disease, it really helps patients view their weight loss journey as a big picture. While that number on the scale is incredibly important, we absolutely want patients to focus on the non scale victories. So whether that is keeping up with grandchildren, being able to play with them or running a 5K for a charity that you really love. These are all things that can help patients stay motivated, and we can revisit these things in future visits to help see you know you achieve that goal regardless of what the scale might reflect. </video> <video> Meet Orthopedic Trauma Surgeon Erin Stockwell, MD Description: For more information on Dr. Stockwell or #YaleMedicine, visit: https://www.yalemedicine.org/specialists/erin-stockwell. Erin Stockwell, MD, is an orthopaedic trauma surgeon who says she was drawn to the field because of its variety. “I love that I’m not always working on the same part of the body. In a single day I can be operating on arms, or legs, or both.” Dr. Stockwell says, adding that she enjoys the immediacy of helping a patient she’s never met before when they come in through the emergency department. “It doesn’t matter who you are, if you broke your bone, I can use my skill set to help you.” Growing up, Dr. Stockwell was always interested in math and science but hadn’t considered medicine until she volunteered at a hospital while finishing her undergraduate degree. She soon decided she wanted to be a doctor and then settled on orthopaedics after working in a hand surgeon’s office. “I liked the casting and the fact that these were tangible problems that we could fix,” she says, adding that trauma entered the fold after a trauma surgeon invited her to watch a particular surgery. “Every day is different. I like that for the most part, I don’t know what’s on my schedule until the day starts.” And while she often initially meets her patients in a stressful, chaotic environment, she still finds ways to connect with her patients. “While they are in the hospital, and when I see them in follow up in the clinic, I get to visit with them and explain what we did so far and what is next. I often use visuals to illustrate their injuries so they can better understand.” Dr. Stockwell’s research interests are focused on clinical outcomes in fracture management. </video> <video> Meet Hand Surgeon Ariel Williams, MD Description: For more information on Dr. Williams or #YaleMedicine, visit: hhttps://www.yalemedicine.org/specialists/ariel-a-williams. Ariel Williams, MD, is an orthopedic surgeon specializing in hand and upper extremity surgery. She treats the full spectrum of upper extremity problems, including fractures, sports injuries, nerve problems, arthritis, and work-related and overuse conditions. She has fellowship training in both hand surgery and sports medicine and particular interests in women's preventive health, athletic injuries, and advanced hand and wrist reconstruction. Dr. Williams was inspired to become a hand and upper extremity surgeon by a passion for getting people back to the activities they love. “It’s such a joy to meet different people every day and to have tools that improve their comfort and quality of life,” she says. She works closely with each patient, learning about their unique needs and goals so that she can formulate an individualized treatment plan. “The field of hand surgery is so advanced. There are so many ways to help patients, and the improvement they see with the right treatment can be truly profound,” she says. Dr. Williams uses minimally invasive approaches when possible to minimize soft tissue injury and speed healing. When appropriate, she uses platelet-rich plasma injections (PRP), a regenerative medicine technique that can promote healing and the regrowth of injured tissue. Dr. Williams is also an expert in treating Dupuytren’s disease, a progressive condition that causes the fingers to bend toward the palm. She offers a variety of treatments for this issue, including both surgical and nonsurgical techniques. One of Dr. Williams’s favorite things about working at Yale is the opportunity to drive the field of hand surgery forward. “At Yale, we’re really at the cutting edge of orthopedics,” she says. “Because of the incredible resources and opportunities for multidisciplinary collaboration, we can offer our patients innovative solutions that just wouldn’t be possible elsewhere.” </video> <video> The Yale Center for Weight Management Description: For more information on The Yale Center for Weight Management or #YaleMedicine, visit: https://www.yalemedicine.org/departments/center-for-weight-management. Weight management is a complex and multi-faceted challenge that can involve a wide range of health issues, with solutions that are different for every person. The Center for Weight Management, part of Yale New Haven Health (YNHH) and Yale School of Medicine, is a multidisciplinary practice offering a comprehensive range of services for patients needing help to achieve their target weight. The center provides assistance with weight and weight-related health conditions from many different perspectives, with personally tailored solutions based on each patient’s specific needs and goals. Weight management is a lifelong journey, and we are here to help. </video> <video> How Hypertension Is Treated - Yale Medicine Explains Description: For more information on hypertension or #YaleMedicine, visit: https://www.yalemedicine.org/departments/preventive-cardiovascular-health-program After blood delivers oxygen to the tissues and cells within our bodies, it returns to the heart to be re-oxygenated. This newly oxygenated blood then travels through the left side of the heart and gets pumped to the rest of the body. This cycle repeats again and again. Sometimes, however, inflammation causes our pulmonary arteries to constrict, which makes it more difficult for blood to flow through them, leading to high blood pressure. Hypertension is a serious and chronic disease that can lead to heart failure, if left untreated. Although there is not a cure, treatment can help slow the progression of the disease. - Blood pressure is two numbers. Systolic blood pressure is the pressure generated when your heart squeezes. It's the pressure that your blood vessels are seeing when that blood is being pumped through. The higher the pressure in the blood vessels, the harder the heart has to pump. The bottom number is from when the heart relaxes. So hypertension is when the blood pressure is above 130 over 80 in a consistent manner, that's hypertension. High blood pressure is extremely common. It increases in prevalence as we get older. Also, genetics play a key role. - Among the factors which contribute to hypertension are those that relate to our health behavior, whether it's our sleep, our stress, our diet, and/or our physical activity. We also know that there are psychological factors, such as having a history of depression or anxiety, loneliness, discrimination, interpersonal stress. Over time, those experiences lead to elevations in your hormone levels, including the hormone cortisol, which do elevate blood pressure. - Hypertension, especially when it goes untreated, has a number of effects on our body: risk for stroke, vascular dementia, heart attacks, congestive heart failure. It can affect the kidneys. It can affect the vasculature down to the legs, contributing to amputations. It can also affect the eyes and can lead to blindness. Treating hypertension, lifestyle and medical interventions: - We do a thorough history to understand people's diet, not just how much salt they're taking in but also how much fiber, how much fruits and vegetables, processed foods. We’ll also think about their physical activity. We also investigate sleep apnea. If we can improve people's diet and exercise and address sleep apnea, we do better in terms of controlling blood pressure. - There are other techniques such as stress management and mindfulness, which are shown based on significant evidence to be effective. - When those things are not enough, then we think about medications. - But it's hard to do all the right, healthy things that we know keep our body in check. Accessible Healthcare in the community and at home: - So we've seen that there are many different aspects of hypertension which affect different segments of the population more than others. - This happens more so in the Black community, and especially among young Black men. So when I think about the potential to really meet patients where they're at, I think about a diverse care team who the patient identifies with and who sees them as a trusted messenger. We're partnering with community organizations, community leaders, to provide people with information about high blood pressure and then to connect them to services. - Sometimes that means going into churches, going into barbershops, and meeting people where they're at. - There's a lot of barriers for people to get to appointments and if we're thinking about people who are experiencing health disparities, how are they getting to their visits? What kind of time off from work or child care is needed? What’s the stress like with traffic, pay to park, waiting in the waiting room? And home blood pressure monitoring using digital health tools is really a way forward that we see as being extremely successful. What we've tried to do is formalize that into remote blood pressure management programs where we give everyone a home blood pressure cuff. We give them a mechanism to transmit that data into our health system, provide a centralized blood pressure management team that can reach out to them on a weekly basis and then to formulate with the patient a therapeutic plan. - We also have other techniques we've used and other approaches such as ecological momentary assessment, which is when a patient would complete questionnaires on an app on their phone, whether it's related to their stress that day, or related to their quality of life and blood pressure management. - You want to have care that is convenient, that's trusted, that's patient centered, and that's going to get your needs met and we've found that through our digital health programs, when we're mindful of what the patient experience is, what the needs are, we can deliver that in a better package. </video> <video> Bariatric Surgery for Weight Management - Yale Medicine Explains Description: For more information on Bariatric Surgery or #YaleMedicine, visit: https://www.yalemedicine.org/departments/center-for-weight-management. At Yale Medicine, our Bariatric and minimally invasive surgery team specializes in surgical care for conditions affecting the digestive tract. Expert surgeons use the latest minimally invasive techniques designed to reduce scarring and minimize discomfort after surgery, providing a smoother and more rapid recovery. We recognize that it’s natural to experience various emotions and concerns before undergoing surgery. That's why our approach focuses on patient education and comprehensive care—we are here to provide clear, detailed answers to all your questions before, during, and after your procedure. Specialized care is offered in the following areas: Abdominal wall reconstruction to treat complex hernias or trauma to the abdomen Laparoscopic surgery to treat severe (Class III) obesity Weight-loss surgery options: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, in which a small stomach pouch is created to restrict food intake. LAP-Band® surgery, in which a band is placed around the upper part of the stomach to create a small pouch to hold food. The band limits the amount of food that’s consumed by making the patient feel full after eating small amounts. Sleeve gastrectomy, which involves removing about 85% of the stomach. The smaller-sized stomach holds less food, creating a feeling of fullness with significantly less food. All weight-loss surgery options include education and support from nursing, nutrition, and psychological service providers. </video> <video> Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Luccie Wo, MD, MSE Description: For more information on Dr. Wo or #YaleMedicine, visit: https://www.yalemedicine.org/specialists/jchristian-belisario. Luccie M. Wo, MD, MSE (Master of Science and Engineering), is a plastic and reconstructive surgeon who specializes in microsurgery. While she provides surgeries for patients of any age and on any part of the body, she has a special interest in using innovative approaches to provide women who have had surgical treatment for breast cancer with reconstructive surgeries, lymphedema treatment, and additional aesthetic procedures. Reconstructive microsurgery involves taking a flap of tissue from one part of the body and reconnecting it to another part in a way that will restore form and function as much as possible in people who have gone through cancer surgery or trauma, or who were born with a congenital malformation. Dr. Wo’s aesthetic expertise ranges from minor procedures such injectable neurotoxins and filler to body contouring and eyelid surgery. She also cares for breast cancer survivors and others with lymphedema, a buildup of lymph fluid under the skin that can cause swelling and serious infections if left untreated. She tells prospective patients that they have choices in undergoing plastic surgery and says caring for them can be rewarding. “Patients who have gone through cancer or a trauma are often happy when they see the plastic surgeon," she says. "It often means that they’re almost at the end of their journey, and they are going to get to go back to their life." An assistant professor of surgery at Yale School of Medicine, Dr. Wo is also a researcher with interests in developing and implementing advanced treatment protocols to manage and alleviate lymphedema. She uses her advanced training in biomedical engineering to work at the forefront of integrating new technologies into surgical practice, including the development of novel biomaterials and surgical techniques that push the boundaries of reconstructive surgery. </video> <video> Meet Orthopedic Surgeon Richard Zell, MD Description: For more information on Dr. Zell or #YaleMedicine, visit: https://www.yalemedicine.org/specialists/richard-zell. Richard Zell, MD, is an orthopaedic surgeon who specializes in foot and ankle surgery. While Dr. Zell takes great pride in the positive results that surgery provides, he points out that many times, his patients don’t require surgery. “The great majority of foot and ankle problems can be managed nonoperatively, and that’s often what people are looking for. Patients come in because they have an issue that’s causing them pain, or they’ve noticed a deformity such as a bunion,” Dr. Zell explains. “We first explore what their diagnosis is and what their options are. We always try interventions such as physical therapy, bracing, immobilization in a walking boot, or possibly a corticosteroid injection. If those interventions aren’t enough, we can talk about surgical options and decide on the best plan together.” There are many foot and ankle conditions that can be managed with physical therapy, Dr. Zell points out. “Take, for example, plantar fasciitis, which is a common source of heel pain,” he says. “The great majority of patients can be managed with an Achilles tendon and foot stretching program that can be performed at home or with the help of our physical therapy colleagues.” For patients who do require surgery, there have been advances across several areas of foot and ankle surgery. Two examples include bunion surgery and ankle replacement, Dr. Zell says. “Most recently, there’s been a push towards performing bunion surgery with smaller incisions and with more precision,” he says. “These new techniques have decreased the risk of the bunion recurring after surgery. Ankle replacement has been around for many years, however the most recent generation of total ankle replacements are performed using patient specific guides. These guides are fabricated prior to surgery using a pre-operative CT scan and they allow the surgeon to optimize the alignment and fit of total ankle replacement components.” Dr. Zell says one of his favorite things about his job is the variety of patients he gets to help. “I see patients ranging from early teenage years to into their 90s. As a foot and ankle surgeon, I get to take are of a variety of issues including fractures, sports injuries, nerve issues, arthritis, bunions, and flat feet,” he says. “This variety makes our clinic days always interesting.” </video> <video> Meet Orthopedic Surgeon Christopher Schneble, MD Description: For more information on Dr. Schneble or #YaleMedicine, visit: https://www.yalemedicine.org/specialists/christopher-schneble. Christopher Schneble, MD, is an orthopaedic surgeon who specializes in sports medicine. Dr. Schneble treats adolescents through geriatrics for a variety of issues ranging from joint problems primarily in the knee, elbow, and shoulder, performing procedures such as shoulder replacements, ligament reconstructions, and cartilage restoration. “There’s nothing more rewarding than trying to figure out what is bothering someone, confirming what you think may be the problem, and helping them get back to doing the things that they love,” Dr. Schneble says. Dr. Schneble came to orthopaedics by way of a passion in biomechanics. “Many of the things we do in the operating room have physics-based principles,” he says, adding that he was an athlete himself growing up and sustained multiple sports related fractures. “I figured out pretty quickly what it’s like to be in a doctor’s office and what I needed to do to get back on the field. It was all contingent upon us working together as a team. Seeing that side of things and working closely with a physical therapist has helped shape my perspective in my current career.” During his sports medicine fellowship, Dr. Schneble took care of athletes from the Philadelphia Phillies and Eagles. “I dealt with a lot of throwing elbow, throwing shoulder, and high-contact injuries like knee ligament problems,” he says. “What I learned from this experience is you have to treat the person and not the condition, because what ultimately matters is the person’s goals. The idea is to work with someone in a way that helps them achieve their desired result.” Along these lines, a 20-year-old college athlete often has different priorities than a 55-year-old casual athlete. “What I like about sports medicine is that you have a wide range of people who are affected by the same ailments, but the care has to center on their goals and how to get them back to the level of function they desire,” he says. Dr. Schneble’s research interests are focused on a variety of research topics, including bone morphology, 3D modeling, patellofemoral kinematics, throwing elbow, and cartilage restoration. </video> <video> Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting - Yale Medicine Explains Description: For more information on the Yale New Haven Health Heart and Vascular Center, visit: https://www.ynhhs.org/patient-care/Heart Coronary artery bypass grafting (also known as CABG) is a surgical procedure that improves blood flow to the heart in people with coronary artery disease (CAD). In CAD, plaque builds up within the coronary arteries—the blood vessels that supply the heart with oxygen-rich blood—narrowing or blocking those arteries. This reduces or stops blood flow to the heart muscle, which can result in chest pain, heart attack, and, over time, heart failure. With CABG, healthy blood vessels taken from elsewhere in the body are used to reroute blood around narrowed or blocked sections of affected coronary arteries to restore blood flow to the heart. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (known as off-pump CABG or OPCAB) is a type of CABG in which the heart remains beating, and a heart-lung bypass machine is not used during the procedure. By contrast, in conventional CABG surgery, the heart is stopped, and a heart-lung bypass machine (sometimes referred to as the “pump”) takes over the function of the heart and lungs. Because traditional CABG involves the use of a heart-lung bypass machine, it is also called on-pump CABG. Both off-pump and on-pump CABG can effectively restore blood flow to the heart, resulting in improved heart function, reduced chest pain, lower risk of heart attack, and overall better long-term survival in people with CAD. While the majority of CABG procedures in the United States are on-pump, off-pump CABG is often used to treat people who are at risk for complications from conventional CABG, including those at higher risk of stroke due to significant plaque buildup within the aorta (the large artery that transports blood from the heart to the coronary arteries and the rest of the body), those with a weaker heart, and those with chronic lung or kidney disease. For more information on CABG or #YaleMedicine, visit: https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/off-pump-coronary-artery-bypass-grafting-with-multiple-arterial-grafts. </video> <video> Meet Orthopedic Surgeon Aaron Leininger, DO, FAAOS Description: For more information on Dr. Leininger or #YaleMedicine, visit: https://www.yalemedicine.org/specialists/aaron-leininger. Aaron Leininger, MD, is an orthopaedic surgeon who specializes in hip and knee replacement. “I treat people with arthritis or a wide range of other diagnoses who are having trouble getting around or functioning because of problems with their hip or knee,” Dr. Leininger explains. “I primarily perform replacement surgery, whether that’s a first time hip or knee replacement or a revision surgery.” Medicine was a second career for Dr. Leininger. “I started out in engineering, but in large part, that was going to be a desk job, and I wanted to be hands-on, and medicine, specifically surgery, allows me to do that. It’s a field I find engaging and interesting,” says Dr. Leininger, who also served in the military. When he meets a patient, Dr. Leininger says his priority is to treat them with respect. “I get to know them and find out what they are missing out on and what they want to get back to,” he says. “I try to treat every patient as I would treat someone in my own family.” Dr. Leininger says he has a particular interest in complex and revision surgeries using the anterior approach for hip replacements. “Revision surgery refers to a wide range of surgeries. It can be an existing hip or knee replacement that needs a part changed out. Or it can be something that's extremely complicated, where a patient has already had numerous surgeries,” he explains. “What I like about revision surgery is that we have new technology, which allows us to operate with much higher precision.” The most rewarding part of his job, Dr. Leininger says, is seeing the difference surgery can make in someone’s life. “It really is profound,” he says. </video>

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Yale Medicine is the clinical practice of the Yale School of Medicine. We are the largest academic multispecialty practice in New England. Our patients receive care from some of the world’s most renowned doctors. Our more than 1,400 doctors play multiple roles in advancing their fields – from treating and caring for patients, to developing new cures through innovative research, to educating future doctors. All of our content with spoken dialogue are fully captioned.

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